Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of two mediating variables in the relationship between spiritual leadership with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The two mediating variables used in the study were organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and workplace spirituality as followers’ intrinsic motivation and self-concept factors. Furthermore, the research also examined the role of perceived organizational support as moderating variable on the relationship between spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted using questionnaires via a face-to-face method. The five-point Likert scale was used to assess the variables and to measure the items. The tool of analysis used was partial least square. The sample consisted of 234 respondents encompassing teachers and educational staffs of an Islamic based education institution in Indonesia. Findings The results supported five out of the eight proposed hypotheses. It was apparent that there was a partial mediating role of the OBSE as followers’ motivational concept on the relationship between spiritual leadership and organization citizenship behavior. Research limitations/implications The dearth of literature on the adoption of spiritual leadership in Islamic schools makes the depth of discussion on the study framework somewhat limited. Practical implications The insight provided by this study into understanding and link between spiritual leadership and OCB among Muslim education practitioners. While a large body of leadership research has adopted a variation of leadership theories, the results shifted the focus of attention to the adoption of spiritual leadership as an essential determinant of discretionary behavior in a religious-based institution. Social implications Islamic schools are in dire need of teachers with discretionary behavior. Spiritual leadership proved to have a significant relationship with organizational based self-esteem and OCB. It promotes the intrinsic well-being of the follower by creating a vision where people can achieve their higher purposes of life and contributing to society by performing services to others, and by giving people a feeling of being appreciated. Originality/value The study extends scholarly understanding on the role of spiritual leadership, which is a relatively new and growing area of interest for academics and practitioners, in shaping teachers and academic staffs’ OCBs regarding both theory and practice.

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Amid the prevalence of particular ethnic supremacy in entrepreneurship, few have looked at the centrality of entrepreneurship in various cultural domains. Authors utilize human capital formation theory to assert that extended family provide a crucial background in the growth of individual business skills and preferences. This study aims at investigating the influence of proactive personality and creativity on small businesses performance owned by the member of Minang business community through the mediating role of the entrepreneurs' innovative behaviors. The Minang people inherent strong business characters from their ancestors, which is viewed as the enabler of their entrepreneurial success. Data was collected by mean of questionnaire that was distributed to 265 small businesses owners enrolled as the member of Minang business community in Purwokerto Central Java Indonesia. The tool of analysis used was structural equation modeling (SEM). Study results showed that both proactive personality and creativity have positive effect on the Minang Nomads innovative behavior and subsequently on the businesses performance. The study also confirmed the role of innovative behavior as a mediator on the relationship between proactive personalities and creativity.

TQM needs comprehensive refashioning of "softer" methods whose components encompass the core concept of personnel management to be entirely practical and self-sustaining. The alleged usefulness of the people aspect of TQM's is essential than its technical side in influencing the presumed utility of customers. Thus, the successful execution of TQM programs profoundly depends on the motive, abilities, engagement, and role-powers of the participants in an organization. TQM is not just about solving problem but more about satisfying clients. Hence, this study investigated the interaction effect of soft Total Quality Management, employees’ Job Satisfaction and spirituality at work. The respondents were employees of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The hierarchical regression was considered to be the most appropriate analytical tool used for data analysis in this study. The findings showed that all dimensions of soft total quality management had a detrimental effect on job satisfaction. Moreover, stronger employees’ spirituality at work strengthen the association between soft TQM dimensions, except empowerment, with job satisfaction.

Disruptive innovation forces small-business managers to innovate by carrying out exploitation and exploration activities simultaneously. This ambidexterity is crucial to the survival of today’s businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the organizational structure of SMEs, the manager and owner play an essential role in determining the business orientation. This study examined the influence of SME managers’ social networks on the organization’s ambidexterity and its impact on the firm’s innovation performance. This study used two moderating variables in the form of two internal factors in respect to managers: how proactive they are and their commitment to innovation. The study population was drawn from SMEs in the creative manufacturing sector in Indonesia and Taiwan, with a total sample of 224 SMEs, including 101 from Indonesia and 123 from Taiwan. The analytical technique was the PLS-SEM, conducted by the Smart-PLS software version 3.3.6: Hamburg, Germany. The results supported the construction in both countries. The results of the multiple-group analysis show that the SMEs in Indonesia exhibited greater ambidexterity, commitment to innovation, and innovation performance than those in Taiwan.