the world has already experienced severe water scarcity for at least one month in a year, and it is expected that by 2030, about 700 million people could be influenced by intense water scarcity. [3] Since the demand for water has been increasing along with growing global population and socio-economic development especially in industrial and domestic sector, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution to focus on this serious water issue for ten years (2018)(2019)(2020)(2021)(2022)(2023)(2024)(2025)(2026)(2027)(2028). From 2018 to 2028, UNSDG will focus on sustainable development, management of water resources, access to water supply, and sanitation services.Water usage has been increasing worldwide because the global water demand and the effects of climate change intensify. Water demand has been increasing and continues to increase worldwide by about 1% per year since 1980s and through rough estimation, by 2050, water demand will increase up to 20% to 30% above the current level of water usage. [4] According to Ritchie and Roser, about 3.99 trillion m 3 of freshwater withdrawals were utilized for agriculture, industry, and municipal uses in 2014, but since the amount of water usage is still ascending, the amount of clean water will further shorten in the future. [5] India had the largest freshwater withdrawal of over 760 billion cubic meters per year, followed by China and United States which withdrew 600 and 480 billion m 3 , respectively in 2014. [6] It has been estimated that 2.1 billion people do not have access to safe as well as clean drinking water that causes 1.2 million deaths each year which generally is three times the number of homicides and equal to the number that died in road accidents globally. [6] Generally, ten billion tons of freshwater will be used up worldwide on a daily basis. United Nation estimates that 30% of the population in the world residing in 50 countries will face water scarcity or shortage. China is the country that spends the most amount of the water followed by United States of America,

The global demand for water has been growing rapidly in the last decade with a global population growth rate of 1.1% p.a., which is equivalent to 81 million people per year. Southeast Asian countries are facing severe water scarcity challenge due to their location in the tropics. In 2018, the Sumba Island experienced the highest temperature of 36°C and lesser rainfall of 911.1 mm 3 per year and it was classified as a long dry island prone to drought due to dry winds from Australian desserts. This paper focuses on the perceived effect of water scarcity on livelihoods in the Mandahu Village, Indonesia, due to climate change. Sampling and survey covered rural households and the findings showed that the average household of 4 to 8 people consumed around 250 dm 3 of water per day. The community relied on two main sources of clean water from two main springs. However, the prolonged dry season from May until December every year results in major challenges to access water and eventually affect the agricultural productivity. Hence, the feasibility of the fog collection technology has been investigated from technological, economic and social points of view as a reliable and cost-effective source of water. The outcome of this work will produce a feasibility statement for fog-to-water as an alternative solution counteracting water scarcity in the Sumba Island, a solution which can be replicated in other climate change stricken hot spots in Southeast Asia.