No abstract

Intraosseous schwannomas of the mobile spine are extremely rare. To our knowledge, only 21 cases have been reported in the literature. In this report, we present a case of schwannoma involving the lumbar spine, with a review of the literature and discussion of this rare tumor. A 44-yearold male presented with a 3-year history of intermittent low back pain, with radiation into the right lower extremity during the last 2 years. Radiographs revealed an approximately 4×4 cm irregular mass with marginal sclerosis located at the L5 vertebra, involving the right pedicle and extruding into the spinal canal. The tumor was resected completely and was confirmed as schwannoma by histological examination. At follow-up after 12 months, the patient was free of pain and with no recurrence. Despite its low incidence, intraosseous schwannomas should be considered as the differential diagnosis of an extradural mass involving the vertebrae. Surgery is the preferred treatment method and usually carries a good prognosis. KEywoRds: Intraosseous schwannoma, Lumbar vertebra, Surgery ÖZHareketli omurganın intraosseöz şıvanomları son derece nadirdir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla literatürde sadece 21 olgu bildirilmiştir. Bu raporda bir literatür derlemesi ile birlikte lomber omurgayla ilgili bir şıvanom olgusu sunuyor ve bu nadir tümörü tartışıyoruz. 44 yaşında bir erkek hasta 3 yıldır devam eden ve son 2 yıldır sağ alt ekstremiteye yayılan aralıklı bel ağrısı öyküsüyle geldi. Radyografiler L5 vertebrada sağ pedikülü tutan ve spinal kanal içine ekstrüzyon yapan, marjinal sklerozlu yaklaşık 4x4 cm irregüler kitle gösterdi. Tümör rezeksiyonla tamamen çıkarıldı ve histolojik incelemede şıvanom olduğu doğrulandı. 12 aylık takipte hastada ağrı veya nüks yoktu. Düşük insidansına rağmen intraosseöz şıvanomlar vertebraları tutan ekstradural kitlelerin ayırıcı tanısında dikkate alınmalıdır. Tercih edilen tedavi yöntemi cerrahidir ve prognoz genellikle iyidir.

The extensive accumulation of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) owing to the large-scale production of edible fungi is causing environmental problems that cannot be ignored. Co-composting is a promising method for agricultural and animal husbandry waste disposal. In this study, the composition and function of microbial communities in the process of cattle manure–maize straw composting with SMS addition were compared through an integrated meta-omics approach. The results showed that irrespective of SMS addition, the predominant fungi were Ascomycota, while the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. High temperature promoted the evolution from Gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroides, Proteobacteria) to Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinomycetes). The composting process was accelerated by SMS addition, and the substrate was effectively degraded in 14 days. Metaproteomics results showed that the dominant microorganism, Planifilum fulgidum, secreted large amounts of S8, M17, and M32 proteases that could degrade macromolecular protein substrates in the presence of SMS. Planifilum fulgidum, along with Thermobifida fusca and Melanocarpus albomyces, synergistically degraded hemicellulose, cellulose, and protein. In addition, the dominant microorganisms related to the initial raw materials such as Pichia, Lactobacillus in the microbial agent and Hypsizygus in SMS could not adapt to the high-temperature environment (>60 °C) and were replaced by thermophilic bacteria after 5 days of composting.

BACKGROUND: Increasing reports on new cement formulations that address the shortcomings of PMMA bone cements and various active components have been introduced to improve the biological activity of PMMA cement. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the biological properties of PMMA cements reinforced with Bio-Gene allogeneic bone. METHODS: The MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast-like cells were utilized to determine the effects of Bio-Gene + PMMA on osteoblast viability, adhesion and differentiation. RESULTS: The combination of allogeneic bone and PMMA increased the number of adherent live cells compared to both control group and PMMA or Bio-Gene group. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the number of cells adhered to Bio-Gene + PMMA was larger than Bio-Gene and PMMA group. Compared with the control and PMMA or Bio-Gene group, the level of ALP and the number of calcium nodules after osteoinduction was remarkably enhanced in Bio-Gene + PMMA group. Additionally, the combination of Bio-Gene and PMMA induced the protein expression of osteocalcin, osterix and collagen I. CONCLUSION: The composition of PMMA and allogeneic bone could provide a more beneficial microenvironment for osteoblast proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. PMMA bone cement reinforced with Bio-Gene allogeneic bone may act as a novel bone substitute to improve the biological activity of PMMA cement.