This research aims to evaluate the effect of the global innovation index (GII), urban population (UP), rural population (RP), social globalization index (SGI), and Demographic Pressures (DP) on agriculture value added (AVA). The samples were collected from The Global Economy relating to four countries, namely, China, Indonesia, USA, and India during 2013-2020. The collected data were analyzed through comparative panel regression. The results show that, in the long term, the increase in UP is significantly correlated with AVA in China, Indonesia, and India. Then, an increase in RP is significantly associated with AVA in India, and SGI exerts a significant effect on AVA in the USA. In the short term, every increase in GII has a significant effect on AVA in Indonesia and the USA. Furthermore, RP has a significant impact on AVA in China. A case study in India, reported that a decrease in SGI and DP significantly affect AVA. Meanwhile, the short-term DP growth greatly influences the AVA in the USA. The novelty of this research lies in the finding that the agricultural sector's tendency expands our knowledge of how many agricultural clusters in rural communities change their functions as a large number of rural residents relocate to metropolitan areas. Further, the debate over the HR industry's level of competition does not create job possibilities. In China, Indonesia, and the USA, DP enhances AVA. Stakeholders are required to reduce housing density through innovative agriculture concepts that are more humanistic and creative, even though DP only suppresses AVA in India.

Apart from the health aspect, Covid-19 has also had socio-economic effects from the fragile balance of development that has designed so far. Instantly, humans experience suffering that is difficult to predict when it will stop. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the fragility of the socio-economic order because of Covid-19. These two motifs are the basic essence of human beings, especially the population in Indonesia. A two-way correlation applied to the IBM SPSS to predict the effect of Covid-19 on poverty, natality, minimum wages, divorce, GRDP per capita, unemployment, and crime over two periods. The database is as cross-section covering ten areas in East Kalimantan Province. We found the importance of the correlation parameter in this study that it turns out that Covid-19 closely related to the minimum wage, unemployment, and crime. Because Covid-19 has a positive effect on these three variables and the probability has met the criteria, this is also the right instrument for the government in determining special strategies. The implications of the research are to contribute to long-term management in disaster mitigation planning.

The technological era is a dilemma in the economic growth of a region. The policy of economic development, at least, contains two main objectives to be achieved, namely growth and equity. These two goals are usually in conflict with each other. That is, if growth reaches a high level, then equity reaches a decline so that the conscious effort to create a balance is one of the goals of development. Growth to increase income per capita is an effort in progress to increase output (through the use of factors of production with or without technological change) continuously in the long run, which is always associated with population growth. Because with high output growth coupled with high population growth, the growth of output will become a new problem, so efforts to overcome unemployment are also a crucial part of development. Equitable distribution of fixed income is one of the critical issues faced by an economy. Doing a real business venture so that the rent is more evenly distributed is an essential responsibility of an economic system. The development of an economy will cause changes that are not always good due to the use of labor. This sometimes causes the number and level of unemployment to increase, along with population growth. Finally the paper considers whether there is any evidence of government expenditure, Private investment and poverty rates on Income distribution in East Kalimantan Province is Significantly influenced but Economic is not Growth.

For centuries, humans have continued to deplete natural resources. The transportation sector is claimed to be the main culprit in wasting fossil energy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Fossil Fuels Electricity (FFE), Wind Electricity (WE), Solar Electricity (SE), Hydroelectricity (H), and Geothermal Electricity (GE) on Access to Electricity (AE) in Indonesia. The collection of data obtained from the Global Economy report, processed using time-series regression. Empirical testing clarifies that the increase in the variables of FFE, WE, SE, H, and GE, has increased AE in the short term. The more FFE, WE, SE, H, and GE increase 1 percent, the more AE increases in the long run. During 2013–2020, FFE as a variable that has a dominant effect on AE, where the nature of this energy is very limited, the frequency of its use is considered. Apart from the role of FFE which is crucial for basic human needs, it is necessary to restructure the rules that regulate, monitoring, and revitalize power generation systems based on natural gas, oil, and coal.

USİNG AN ‘PENTA-HELİX’ TO BRİDGE THE PUBLİC'S REACTİON TO THE COVİD-19 VACCİNE. The response to the SARS-CoV-2 disaster calls for worldwide attention. This paper creates attributes in the ‘Penta-Helix’ that reflect pandemic prevention procedures. In order to run optimally, the enterprise strategy model makes it easier for the government to move the vaccine program. We explained critical exploration and focus group discussions (GFD) by the roles of the other four parties, namely academics, business, media, and community (A-B-G-M-C). The cluster at the ‘Penta-Helix’ mapped out and shared responsibilities in solidarity. Initially, performing this concept was determined academically, where the talents of skilled scholars were tested by studying findings relevant to the pandemic. The second step is business. Their position influences the production of vaccines, their distribution, and the price of medical devices for the public. Then, the fourth partner is tasked with limiting and filtering misinformation, especially vaccines. The benchmark for ‘herd immunity’ is how enthusiastic the public is about the popularity of the vaccine. Provision of vaccines in sufficient quantities is clear evidence that the government is convincing the community to follow the vaccination directions. Critical analysis puts forward the front line, actually based on the public spirit. The ‘Penta-Helix’ mechanism indicates a sustainable action plan. Future scenarios consider tactical managerial decisions.