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The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) between patients with and without periodontitis. Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at six sites per tooth in seventy-five subjects with periodontitis and in thirty-five periodontally healthy subjects. The following periodontal parameters were evaluated: the L?e-Sillness gingival index (0 - 3), the Sillness-L?e dental plaque index (0 - 3), the probing depth (mm), the clinical attachment level (mm), the bleeding index and the tooth mobility index. The laboratory parameters that were included in this study were the levels of hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, which were all assessed via Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Inter-group significance was determined with the statistical package R; specifically, we used the Student’s t-test, x²-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were lower in the control group than in the periodontal disease group. The concentrations of each protein (control group vs. periodontal disease group) were as follows: hs-CRP (0.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.5 ± 2.6, respectively), IL-1β (2.1 ± 2.2 vs. 7.0 ± 11.6, respectively), IL-6 (1.9 ± 1.6 vs. 3.7 ± 4.4, respectively) and TNF-α (64.6 ± 72.3 vs. 80.0 ± 73.1, respectively). The differences between the groups showed statistical significance at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Periodontal disease was associated with increased circulating concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.

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