Authors name disambiguation (AND) is a complex problem in the process of identifying an author in a digital library (DL). The AND data classification process is very much determined by the grouping process and data processing techniques before entering the classifier algorithm. In general, the data pre-processing technique used is pairwise and similarity to do author matching. In a large enough data set scale, the pairwise technique used in this study is to do a combination of each attribute in the AND dataset and by defining a binary class for each author matching combination, where the unequal author is given a value of 0 and the same author is given a value of 1. The technique produces very high imbalance data where class 0 becomes 98.9% of the amount of data compared to 1.1% of class 1. The results bring up an analysis in which class 1 can be considered and processed as data anomaly of the whole data. Therefore, anomaly detection is the method chosen in this study using the Isolation Forest algorithm as its classifier. The results obtained are very satisfying in terms of accuracy which can reach 99.5%.

Modern decision-making processes are guided by acumens retrieved from big data. Contemporary businesses must have means for processing data. Some of the approaches used by companies to manage and analyze data include outsourcing, hiring data analysts, and using tech teams. These approaches have various weaknesses. This document proposes business intelligence systems as the ultimate solution for data management and analysis in companies. It discusses business intelligence tools, their structure, and their application in startups.

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