Resumen: Introducción: Las mujeres con cualquier tipo de cáncer ginecológico necesitan conocer toda la infor­mación acerca de su enfermedad, por lo que un buen abordaje de la información por el personal de Enfermería, es fundamental para realizar un abordaje completo a dichas pacientes. Como objetivos se delimitaron: conocer las necesidades de escucha activa entre los profesionales de Enfermería, describir la necesidad de comunicación en las mujeres con cáncer ginecológico en fases de diagnóstico y trata­miento, y, determinar recomendaciones primordiales para una comunicación y escucha activa ante el paciente oncológico. Método: Revisión bibliográfica sobre la comunicación y escucha activa enfermera en pacientes con cáncer ginecológico. Resultados y discusión: En la mayoría de los estudios revisados se afirma la necesidad de formación en comunicación del profesional de Enfermería, para crear una re­lación terapéutica adecuada a las necesidades del paciente; las pacientes deberán adquirir información acerca de su enfermedad para así poder superarla física y mentalmente. Conclusiones: Una adecuada información a las pacientes con cáncer ginecológico mejora los resultados psicosociales, disminuyendo síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión.Palabras clave: Cáncer ginecológico; Comunicación; Escucha activa; Enfermería.Abstract: Introduction: Women which have any kind of gynecological cancer need to know all the information about their disease, therefore a good approach to the information by the Nursing staff is vital to make a com­plete approach to these patients. As objectives were delimited: were to know about the active listening in Nursing staff, describe the need of communication in women with gynecological cancer during the diagnostic and treatment phase; determine fundamental recommendations for a good communication and active listening to the oncological patient. Methods: We conducted a literature review of commu­nication and active listening by nurses in patients with gynecological cancer. Findings: In most of the studies reviewed the training is claims the need to educate Nursing staff in communication skills, to de­velop a therapeutic relationship which accommodate to patient’s needs; patients should receive detailed information about their disease to overcome it physically and mentally. Conclusions: An information to women with gynecological cancer improves the psychosocial results decreasing their anxiety, stress and depression symptoms.Keywords: Gynecological cancer; Communication; Active listenning; Nursing.

Objetivo: Analizar si existen diferencias en el nivel de recuperación en las distintas fases del puerperio según el tipo de lesión perineal.Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo, siguiendo los Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Marjory Gordon. La recogida de datos se realiza en tres fases (puerperio inmediato, clínico y tardío), empleando entrevistas semiestructuradas que se completan en un primer momento en una entrevista personal y vía telefónica a los 10 y a los 30 días, respectivamente.Resultados: En España existe un índice de episiotomías, inducciones y partos instrumentales muy superior al recomendado. La técnica de la episiotomía produjo desgarros importantes (16,7%) en este estudio. Durante el puerperio inmediato, las mujeres con episiotomía tienen dificultades en la movilidad (p=0,0005), la eliminación (p=0,007), cuidado del bebé (p=0,015), descanso (p=0,15) y dolor percibido (p=0,005), mientras que en el puerperio clínico están afectados sólo la movilidad (p=0,05), la eliminación (p=0,042) y el dolor percibido (p=0,006). A los 30 días, en el puerperio tardío, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. Se necesitan más estudios que reafirmen estos hechos y aporten nuevos conocimientos.Conclusiones: La episiotomía produce más efectos negativos que los desgarros espontáneos en el puerperio inmediato y clínico en la mujer. El dolor que genera esta técnica a corto, medio y largo plazo es el que limita muchas de las actividades cotidianas de estas mujeres. Objective: Analyse if there is any difference in recovery rate according to their puerperium stage depending on perineal lesion.Material and method: Prospective longitudinal descriptive quantitative study, following the Marjory Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. Data collection will be performed in three phases (immediate, clinical and remote puerperium), through semi-structured interview completed in first instance in a face-to-face interview and phone call interview at 10 and 30 days, respectively. Results: In Spain there is an episiotomy, induction and assisted delivery rate much higher than recommended. Episiotomy technique lead to significant tear (16,7%) in this study. During immediate puerperium, women who were practiced an episiotomy shown mobility difficulties (p=0,0005), elimination (p=0,0007), baby care (p=0,015), rest (p=0,15) and perceived pain (p=0,005), whereas in the clinical puerperium are affected only mobility (p=0,05), elimination (p=0,042) and perceived pain (p=0,006). After 30 days, remote puerperium, there is not statistical significant differences in both groups. More research is needed to confirm these facts as well as provide new knowledge.Conclusions: Episiotomy produce more negative effects than spontaneous tears at the immediate and clinical puerperium of women. Pain produced by this technique as a short, medium and long term limit many daily activities of women.

Objective: To analyse the knowledge and use of perineal protection methods during the expulsive stage by health professionals involved in childbirth and whether they correspond to the World Health Organization’s recommendations. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at health workers involved in births in Spain. Results: Fifty-seven professionals participated in the study: midwives (47%), gynaecologists (25%), nurse residents (14%) and resident physicians (14%) in obstetrics and gynaecology. The degree of knowledge and use of perineal protection methods differed according to the position held and was very limited among gynaecologists and resident physicians. The only method recognized by all positions was “hands on” (p = 0.05). “Hands off ” (p = 0.002), “delayed pushing” (p = 0.0001) and “maternal posture” (p = 0.03) were only known to midwives and nurse residents. “Flexion technique” (p = 0.035) and “delayed pushing” (p = 0.011) were used effectively by midwives and nurse residents. “Episiotomy” was erroneously identified as a method to protect the perineum by gynaecologists and resident physicians (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The degree of knowledge and use of perineal protection methods by health care professionals does not correspond to the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

Resumen: La comunicación con las personas diagnosticadas de patologías mentales es un punto fundamental para ayudar a conseguir su reinserción social. Enfermería es la figura que mantiene un contacto más estrecho con estos pacientes cuando se encuentran ingresados en centros sanitarios. El diálogo con estos pacientes es sumamente complejo, lo que hace necesario realizar investigaciones y formación que aborden la mejor forma de relacionarnos con ellos. Este estudio tiene por objetivo demostrar la im­portancia que tiene la comunicación con el paciente psiquiátrico respecto a la relación con el personal de Enfermería y su evolución. Los resultados muestran que los profesionales y estudiantes de Enfermería necesitan formación específica para saber cómo enfrentar un diálogo con personas con enfermedades mentales. La escucha activa, el idioma, la comunicación no verbal y la cercanía en la relación son claves para una comunicación efectiva.Palabras clave: Comunicación; enfermedad mental; Enfermería; relación.Abstract: Communication with people diagnosed with mental pathologies is a fundamental point to help achieve their social reintegration. Nursing is the figure that maintains a closer contact with these patients when they are admitted to health centers. The dialogue with these patients is extremely complex, which makes it necessary to conduct research and training that addresses the best way to relate to them. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of communication with the psychiatric patient regarding the relationship with the nursing staff and their evolution. The results show that nursing professionals and students need specific training to know how to face a dialogue with people with mental illness. Active listening, language, non-verbal communication and closeness in the relationship are key to effective communication.Keywords: Communication; mental illness; nursing; relationship.

The main purpose of the study is to describe the experience of women who lived their births in hospitals and at home in Spain between 60's and 70's years. For women, childbirth is one of the most special moments of their lives, hence the importance of knowing the feelings experienced in this process, which will help us to improve this care on future occasions and know what women really value when giving birth. This study also reflected that home births, provided they are low risk and serviced by qualified personnel, are safe and we should be left to the woman who, with all the information, decide always where she want to give birth. This is a qualitative research based on Grounded Theory.