Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the role of human errors in accidents in different industries. Human reliability analysis (HRA) has drawn a great deal of attention among safety engineers and risk assessment analyzers. Despite all technical advances and the development of processes, damaging and catastrophic accidents still happen in many industries. Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) and Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) methods were compared with the hierarchical fuzzy system in a steel industry to investigate the human error. This study was carried out in a rolling unit of the steel industry, which has four control rooms, three shifts, and a total of 46 technicians and operators. After observing the work process, reviewing the documents, and interviewing each of the operators, the worksheets of each research method were completed. CREAM and HEART methods were defined in the hierarchical fuzzy system and the necessary rules were analyzed. The findings of the study indicated that CREAM was more successful than HEART in showing a better capability to capture task interactions and dependencies as well as logical estimation of the HEP in the plant studied. Given the nature of the tasks in the studied plant and interactions and dependencies among tasks, it seems that CREAM is a better method in comparison with the HEART method to identify errors and calculate the HEP.

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical unit in terms of nursing care with a high risk of error incidence. Objectives: This research aimed at determining the type of nursing task mistake, the risk level of the nurse's duties, and assessing the probability of human error in the duties of the nurse. Methods: This research was a case study. The location of NICU research was Alavi and Bouali Hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The study was performed using HTA, SHERPA and SPAR-H methods. Results: Having analyzed the occupational hierarchy, 17 main tasks and 35 subtasks were identified and studied in NICUs. Among 156 error cases, 43.59% were action errors (highest frequency) and 8.97% were selection errors (lowest frequency). The most common errors in terms of the type of task and probability of errors were "air and respiratory ventilation", "thermal and respiratory monitoring", "examination, evaluation and control of the newborn's pain", and "administering drugs". Conclusions: The factors affecting performance such as time, psychological and physical stress, workload, work complexity, mental effort, experience and education, instruction, ergonomics principles, work planning, safety culture, management policy, and organizational support had the greatest impact on the probability of nurse errors.

Background & objectives: Hundreds of methods have been introduced to analyze various events. Hence one of the effective and principle steps in accident analysis is proper and targeted selection of accident analysis method. Traditional methods of accident analysis in complex industries are not comprehensive and examine each components of the system separately. So, the use of new systematic methods to overcome these problems may be beneficial. The aim of present study was systematic analyzing of one deadly occupational accident in a car industry. Methods: This qualitative case study of analysis of an accident leading to the death in a car industry was performed using systems-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) in 2018. For this study, the documentation of work accidents archived from 2008 to 2012 was reviewed. Then, a description of each specific accident and constraint, hierarchical levels of control and inadequate control measures were determined, and ultimately the safety of the system was assessed in relation to each incident. Results: In analysis of the accident in assembly line, several factors were involved and interactions between various components of the socio-technical systems were effective in the incident, among which the insufficient measures of safety unit had the higher contribution. Conclusion: The STAMP technique, by determining a control structure, as a systematic approach for analyzing this incident, has included several factors in the incident and, unlike the traditional methods, has not consider the incident as a component of the system. Therefore, it can be used as a useful tool for accident analysis, especially in complex and sensitive systems.

Introduction: Hospitals are one of the most important sources of health and medical services, with employees working in different parts that in touch with numerous Occupational harmful factors and Occupational Accidents. Through examining the accident occurring among employees, can do important action to reduce the Human and financial losses. Therefore, the current study aimed at comparing occupational accidents among the staff of the two educational hospitals of Medical Sciences University of Ahvaz. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2017 among laboratory staff, nurses and operating room personnel in two educational hospitals. 110 persons from each hospital (sample size based on Cochran formula) participated in the study and information about the experiences of accidents occurred for employees and the days of absence were collected through a questionnaire. Finally, data analysis was done by using SPSS 22 software. Findings: Over 85% of staff in educational hospitals No. 1 and No. 2 were female. The nurses had the highest frequency in terms of the organizational status of the staff employed in these two hospitals. The incident Crop with sharp objects in the hospital 1 and the incidence of skin contact with blood or other body fluids in the hospital 2 were the most frequent among other incidents. Results: Due to the fact that skin contact with blood or other body fluids has the highest rate of recurrence among other events, it can lead to an increase in absenteeism. Therefore, recommended services provided by professional health experts on the continued use of gloves and the selection of suitable gloves are helpful.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are consider as common disease and occupational injuries due to undesirable exposure of body in different stage of production, loading and transportation which create the irreversible physical and spinal cord injury (1). The work-related musculoskeletal disorders can affect the muscules, tendons, joints, nerves and soft tissues in the body (2) and 48% of work related disease are about