Climate warming has substantially advanced the timing of leaf unfolding, while the temperature sensitivity of leaf unfolding (ST) was significantly reduced over the past Post-print of: Fu, Y. H., et al. "Long-term linear trends mask phenological

A magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) is used to transmit high power electric pulses in large pulse power systems. However, current loss is unavoidable, especially when the current density is up to 1 MA/cm. In the paper, the current loss of an MITL made of stainless steel, which is usually used in large pulse power generators, is experimentally studied, and possible mechanisms to explain the current loss of the MITL are analyzed and discussed. From the experimental results, the relationship between loss current density and input current density follows approximately a power law. The loss is also related to the configuration of the MITL.

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A trigger device and a triggered pseudospark switch (TPSS) were designed based on surface flashover technology, in order to meet the requirements from present pulse power technology and pulse current test technology such as a long lifetime, reliability in a wide voltage range, a short delay time, as well as small delay jitters. The trigger devices were made from different dielectric materials, with their permittivities from tens to thousands. The trigger characteristics of TPSS were investigated. The results indicate that the high-dielectric trigger device shows better performance and higher emitted charge of the electron emission within all adjusted parameters including the gas pressure and applied voltage. For the dielectric material with relative permittivity εr of 3460, when the gas pressure is 7 Pa, the hold-off voltage of TPSS is 28 kV, the minimum trigger switch voltage drops to 128 V, the minimum discharging delay time and delay jitter are less than 35ns and 6ns, respectively, and the reliable operation can be reached within a very large range of charging voltage, between 0.46% and 99% of its self-breakdown voltage.