In the paper, we combined air-coupled Lamb wave scan method and virtual time reversal (VTR) algorithm and proposed a composite baseline-free delamination inspection technique of composite plates. According to VTR algorithm, time reversal process is virtually performed through signal operations and the hardware manipulation for time reversal is not required. Baseline-free damage inspection can be achieved by comparing the first input actuation signal with the reconstructed final signal obtained by VTR algorithm. An air-coupled Lamb wave scan method combined with VTR-based probabilistic imaging algorithm is developed for delamination inspection of composite plates. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite plates with the delaminations of different shapes and sizes were experimentally tested. The testing results are well in accordance with the actual delamination locations and sizes as well as the results obtained with the commercial point-to-point immersion C-scan system.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZBs) have been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems, owing to the advantages of raw material abundance, low cost, and eco-friendliness. However, the severe growth of Zn dendrites leads to poor stability and low Coulombic efficiency of AZBs. Herein, to effectively inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites, a new strategy has been proposed, i.e., tuning the surface energy of the Zn anode. This strategy can be achieved by in situ doping of Sn heteroatoms in the lattice of metallic Zn via codeposition of Sn and Zn with a small amount of the SnCl2 electrolyte additive. Density functional theory calculations have suggested that Sn heteroatom doping can sharply decrease the surface free energy of the Zn anode. As a consequence, driven by the locally strong electric field, metallic Sn tends to deposit at the tips of the Zn anode, thus decreases the surface energy and growth of Zn at the tips, resulting in a dendrite-free Zn anode. The positive effect of the SnCl2 additive has been demonstrated in both the Zn∥Zn symmetric battery and the Zn/LFP and Zn/HATN full cell. This novel strategy can light a new way to suppress Zn dendrites for long life span Zn-ion batteries.

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Combined with the modified damage imaging algorithm based on Reconstruction Algorithm for the Probabilistic Inspection of Damage (RAPID), a baseline-free detection method of the Lamb waves based on time reversal method is developed to detect the delamination in the composite plate. Through the analysis of the focus position of time reversal signal, a new calculation method of Damage Index (DI) values is proposed. The modified damage imaging algorithm based on RAPID is integrated with two image fusion methods: full summation method and full multiplication method. According to the analysis of limitations of the modified damage imaging algorithm, the transducer array is adopted, and the problem of the uneven probability distribution caused by the uneven density of sensing network is discussed. Modified methods are proposed to eliminate the influence of the uneven probability distribution and improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. The parameter β significantly affects the effective detection range of each sensing path in the modified damage imaging algorithm. The value of parameter β was experimentally determined and reasonably applied to detect the delamination. Based on the calculation of the DI of individual sensing path and the imaging results of delamination, the identification and localization of delamination were experimentally achieved. The imaging results demonstrated the problem of the uneven probability distribution and the validity of modified methods.