SummaryBackgroundChina has high stroke rates despite the population being relatively lean. Uncertainty persists about the relevance of adiposity to risk of stroke types. We aimed to assess the associations of adiposity with incidence of stroke types and effect mediation by blood pressure in Chinese men and women.MethodsThe China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512 891 adults aged 30–79 years from ten areas (five urban and five rural) during 2004–08. During a median 9 years (IQR 8–10) of follow-up, 32 448 strokes (about 90% confirmed by neuroimaging) were recorded among 489 301 participants without previous cardiovascular disease. Cox regression analysis was used to produce adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ischaemic stroke (n=25 210) and intracerebral haemorrhage (n=5380) associated with adiposity.FindingsMean baseline body-mass index (BMI) was 23·6 kg/m2 (SD 3·2), and 331 723 (67·8%) participants had a BMI of less than 25 kg/m2. Throughout the range examined (mean 17·1 kg/m2 [SD 0·9] to 31·7 kg/m2 [2·0]), each 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with 8·3 mm Hg (SE 0·04) higher systolic blood pressure. BMI was positively associated with ischaemic stroke, with an HR of 1·30 (95% CI 1·28–1·33 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI), which was generally consistent with that predicted by equivalent differences in systolic blood pressure (1·25 [1·24–1·26]). The HR for intracerebral haemorrhage (1·11 [1·07–1·16] per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI) was less extreme, and much weaker than that predicted by the corresponding difference in systolic blood pressure (1·48 [1·46–1·50]). Other adiposity measures showed similar associations with stroke types. After adjustment for usual systolic blood pressure, the positive associations with ischaemic stroke were attenuated (1·05 [1·03–1·07] per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI); for intracerebral haemorrhage, they were reversed (0·73 [0·70–0·77]). High adiposity (BMI >23 kg/m2) accounted for 14·7% of total stroke (16·5% of ischaemic stroke and 6·7% of intracerebral haemorrhage).InterpretationIn Chinese adults, adiposity was strongly positively associated with ischaemic stroke, chiefly through its effect on blood pressure. For intracerebral haemorrhage, leanness, either per se or through some other factor (or factors), might increase risk, offsetting the protective effects of lower blood pressure.FundingUK Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.

Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale:Case-Control Studies• Selection (4)• Comparability (1)• Exposure (3)-A study can be awarded a maximum of one star for each numbered item within the Selection and Exposure categories.A maximum of two stars can be given for Comparability

Biological creatures with unique surface wettability have long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers. More specifically, certain beetle species in the Namib Desert have evolved to collect water from fog on their backs by way of wettability patterns, which attracted an ongoing interest in biomimetic studies. Bioinspired materials exhibiting extreme wetting properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in various applications. Combining these two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface in precise two-dimensional micropatterns opens exciting new functionalities and possibilities for a wide variety of applications. In this review we briefly describe the water-harvesting mechanisms of a genus of Namib Desert beetle, Stenocarpa, consisting of the theory of wetting and transporting. Then we describe the methods for fabricating superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterns and highlight some of the newer and emerging applications of these patterned substrates that are currently being explored. Finally, we provide conclusions and outlook concerning the future development of bioinspired surfaces of patterned wettability.

Common clay, Kaolin and Bentonite were used as additives to prepare water-transmitting coating fiber, respectively, and the water-transmitting characteristic of coating fiber was studied. Different water-transmitting coating fibers were prepared by coating fiber using coating material with different mass proportions of additives to adhesive. And the coating materials were made from three kinds of inorganic clays as additives respectively and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as adhesive. Furthermore, the surface morphology and water-transmitting capacity of coating fiber were studied by SEM, Perkin Elmer Diamond SⅡthermal multi-analyzer and instrument for quick measurement moisture M30. The experimental results indicate that water-transmitting coating fibers made from three kinds of clays all have water-transmitting capacity. The surface of water-transmitting coating fiber prepared by common clay T is continuous and compact, and the water-transmitting effect is better than coating fibers made from other clays.

It is well known that alcohol consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the association between age of alcohol onset (AAO) and drinking duration with type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults is not fully understood. Our study was based on the data from the China Kadoorie Biobank, which included 512,712 participants aged 30–79 years in China from 2004–2008. Cox proportional-hazard model was used to estimate the association between AAO and drinking duration with type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for potential covariates, 18.1 ≤ AAO ≤ 29.0, 29.1 ≤ AAO ≤ 39.0 and AAO > 39.0 were associated with 22% (95%CI: 14%, 30%), 25% (95%CI: 17%, 33%) and 32% (95%CI: 24%, 39%) lower hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes, compared with abstainer, respectively. Drinking duration < 10.1, 10.1 ≤ duration ≤ 20.0, and 20.1 ≤ duration ≤ 30.0 were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with abstainer. Among weekly drinkers, AAO < 18.1 and drinking duration>30.0 were associated with 18% (95%CI: 9%, 33%) and 20% (95%CI: 3%, 40%) higher hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes, compared with 18.1 ≤ AAO ≤ 29.0 and drinking duration < 10.1, respectively. In conclusion, a decrease risk of type 2 diabetes was associated with a late AAO and a short drinking duration in the largest prospective cohort of Chinese adults. But early AAO and long drinking duration was not associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes.