. The two anonymous readers for RHE-JILAEH also provided excellent criticism and advice. Sidney Chalhoub read multiple drafts and provided input regarding the argument of the paper. Professor Chalhoub and the Cecult team at UNICAMP, Brazil, generously provided the raw data for this study as part of an ongoing international collaborative endeavor, «Terrain of History», based at UNICAMP, Stanford, and Brown University. Michael Dinerstein provided research assistance at Stanford. Any remaining errors or infelicities are mine alone. RESUMOEsta análise sobre condições de vida no Rio de Janeiro, no século XIX, baseia-se em dados antropométricos e descritivos obtidos na documentação da Casa de Detenção. A pesquisa mostra que houve mudanças significativas nas alturas de presos ao longo do tempo e em função de sua cor e nacionalidade. Principalmente, houve um declínio na estatura de escravos, a partir dos nascidos nos anos 1830 e continuando ate os anos 1860, onde se interrompe o presente estudo. As diferenças entre escravos e homens livres por um lado, e entre brasileiros nativos no Rio de Janeiro e brasileiros nascidos fora da capital por outro lado, mostram que, além do declínio percebido na estatura dos escravos, houve também uma «penalidade urbana» na estatura, indicada pelo fato de serem os presos nascidos no Rio de Janeiro menos altos do que os outros presos ZEPHYR FRANK 466 brasileiros. Falta de alimentação, aumento no custo de vida em geral, transferência de escravos para fora da cidade depois de 1850, e epidemias urbanas eram fatores que influíam nas alturas dos presos.Palavras chave: antropometria, condições de vida, alturas presos, Brasil século XIX ABSTRACTBased on anthropometric data and descriptive information contained in the records of the Rio de Janeiro city jail (Casa de Detenção), this paper explores patterns of change in living conditions during the nineteenth century. The research shows that there were significant changes in the heights of prisoners over time and according to race and nationality. Most importantly, heights of Brazilian-born slaves declined for the cohorts born in the 1830s through the beginning of the 1860s. In addition, differences in heights for natives of the city of Rio de Janeiro and for other Brazilian prisoners provide evidence of an «urban penalty» in stature during this period. Poor nutrition, the high cost of food and shelter, the movement of some slaves out of the city and into plantation work after 1850, and urban epidemics are assessed as the factors influencing trends in prisoner heights. Throughout the analysis, height trends discovered in Rio de Janeiro are placed in international comparative perspective.
Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, the leading cities of the South Atlantic, experienced substantial growth in wealth holding during the first half of the nineteenth century. In this article, we argue that this growth is best interpreted in a broad, comparative framework, which examines these cities in relation to their internal demographic and institutional arrangements and to their external links to the Atlantic World. Our research emphasizes three major comparative findings. First, according to our samples, both Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires experienced substantial growth in wealth holding from the 1820s through the 1850s, well before their participation in the better-known global economic expansion of the late nineteenth century. Second, residents of both South Atlantic cities held wealth broadly similar in scale with their counterparts in comparable cities in North America. And third, wealth inequality was probably no greater in Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires than in contemporary cities in the United States. Moreover, we believe that these increases in average wealth holding, as well as changes in the allocation of wealth across sectors, suggests economies that were growing rapidly while becoming more complex. In order to arrive at these findings we synthesized a growing new literature on the economic dynamism of the early nineteenth century in southeastern
Vinhos de Altitude no Estado de Santa Catarina: a firmação de uma identidade ResumoNo presente artigo será abordada a história recente da vitivinicultura no estado de Santa Catarina -Brasil, discutindo os territórios que trabalham com os, assim denominados, "Vinhos de Altitude". Mostraremos que a vitivinicultura não pode mais ser percebida de forma idílica, como uma empresa de pequenos agricultores rurais. Atualmente, a produção de vinhos é vista como uma importante commodity, em que a conquista de prêmios em competições nacionais e internacionais abre os mercados para consumidores nacionais e internacionais. O estabelecimento de vinícolas com alto padrão de qualidade, visando as camadas sociais mais altas, tem crescido nos últimos anos.Palavras-chave: História Ambiental. Vinhos de Altitude. Commodity.
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