Hyperledger is considered to be the most mature consortium chain technology. Compared with other blockchain technologies, Hyperledger focuses on the application development of enterprise-level standards. Due to its unique permission management, fine-grained access control, pluggable consensus algorithm and higher transaction performance, Hyperledger has been increasingly used in the hospital information systems. Although there are more and more applications of Hyperledger in the field of health care, there is currently no research to comprehensively classify and compare them. This article obtained the latest 222 articles related to Hyperledger from the of Web of science, Wordlib, and EBSCO databases. And this article used manual method to filter out the literates needed for this review. This article had comprehensively analyzed and compared the above literature, then summarized four research directions related to hospital information systems, including medical drug traceability, medical records, medical images and other medical fields (financial benefits, medical insurance, medical system performance and dynamic processing). Through in-depth analysis of all solutions, this article reconstructed the architecture diagrams of each solution that focus on Hyperledger, and showed the most intuitive comparison results. In addition, we summarized each solution, and analyzed their implementation form four aspects, including traceability, monitoring, security and privacy. Finally, the future opportunities and prospects were discussed. Four potential medical research directions of Hyperledger in DNA research, pathological image sharing, protein folding calculation and machine learning had been identified. Finally, this article discussed the opportunities and prospects for the future of hospital information systems, and summarized the applications of Hyperledger in four potential directions, including DNA research, pathological image sharing, protein folding calculation and machine learning.

Internet of Things (IoT) has been considered as one of the emerging network and information technologies that can comprehend automatic monitoring, identification, and management through a network of smart IoT devices. The effective use of IoT in different areas has improved efficiency and reduced errors. The rapid growth of smart devices such as actuators, sensors, and wearable devices has made the IoT enable for smart and sustainable developments in the area. Physical objects are interlinked with these smart devices for the progression to analyse, process, and manage the surroundings data. Such data can then be further utilised for smarter decisions and postanalysis for different purposes. However, with the limited IoT resources, the management of data is difficult due to the restrictions of transmission power place and energy consumption, and the processing can put pressure on these smart devices. The network of IoT is connected with big data through Internet for manipulating and storing huge bulk of data on cloud storage. The secure framework based on big data through IoT is the awful need of modern society which can be energy efficient in a sustainable environment. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of sensors nodes in the IoT, like data redundancy, constrained energy, computing capabilities, and limited communication range, the issues of data loss are becoming among the main issues which mostly depend on the completeness of data. Various approaches are in practice for the recovery problem of data, such as spatiotemporal correlation and interpolation. These are used for data correlation and characteristics of sensory data. Extracting correlation data became difficult specifically as the coupling degree between diverse perceptual attributes is low. The current study has presented a comprehensive overview on big data and its V’s with Internet of Things to describe the research into the area with in-depth review of existing literature.

Software firms are interested in outsourcing and developing of software globally to the virtual crowd for minimizing the product cost and for increasing the software quality. Developments in information technology (IT) have changed the organizational working environment from centralized to disperse development working practices. As a result, companies have recognized the value of virtual world networks that offer benefits such as efficient time management, lower cost of growth, reduced travel costs, and access to larger competent team members to select the right skilled individual. With the wide spread of Web 3.0 applications and improvements in cloud computation technologies, multinational, multiskilled, and diverse crowds carry out the software developmental process. The aim of this research is to select the effective virtual crowd for the development of quality software. The proposed “characteristic-based virtual crowd selection (CBVCS)” method will select the crowd according to their unique characteristics such as their skills, experiences, expertise, and knowledge.

The convergence of blockchain with the internet of things (IoT) attracted widespread attention. Blockchain mainly solved the problem of secure storage and trusted transactions. The convergence of these two emerging technologies enhanced the security of smart services. However, there were some technical barriers to the deployment of practical IoT systems. In order to further promote the popularity and application of blockchain in the IoT, Hyperledger became the ideal technology to overcome these obstacles. In recent years, the mainstream application fields of IoT tried to carry out integration with Hyperledger to achieve high security, fine-grained privacy protection, real-time data flow, robustness, and other business requirements. However, there was a lack of literature review on this topic. This study obtained the latest related literature of Hyperledger in IoT from Web of Science, Wordlib, and EBSCO databases. To demonstrate more intuitive differences and provide a technology convergence process, this study proposes a reconstruction diagram analysis method. Reconstruction is the process of fusing the core design and the original architecture diagram in the literature and reconstructing the diagram so that it can show the core ideas of the literature. This approach aims to visualize the core ideas of the literature. Finally, this paper prospected and concluded by proposing four directions for future work, including a low-energy consensus algorithm, intelligent transaction validation, mixed on-chain and off-chain storage, and customized incentives.