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Teachers' Internet self-efficacy plays a critical role in their web-based professional development and on their students' learning outcomes in Internet-based learning environments. It is therefore important to periodically measure and evaluate teachers' selfefficacy regarding the Internet, which is a dynamic technology, using an instrument that reflects the recent advancements in the Internet technology. By considering radical changes taking place recently on the Internet, this study aimed to explore teachers' Internet selfefficacy by gender by adapting an earlier instrument. To this end, the Internet Self-efficacy Scale (ISS) developed by Kim and Glassman (2013) was used. First, the ISS was adapted into Turkish and the confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the Turkish version of the ISS could be used as a valid instrument to measure teachers' Internet self-efficacy [χ2(df = 106) = 270.836, NFI = .865, CFI = .912 and RMSEA = .086 (90% C.I.; .073 -.098)]. The coefficient of Cronbach's alpha for the Turkish version of the ISS was found to be 0.92. In this study, survey method was used. The sample of the study consisted of 349 in-service teachers with different majors in Turkey. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the results showed teachers' Internet self-efficacy was considerably high. Additionally, no gender differences in any of the subscales of the ISS including five subscales, namely, reactive/generative, differentiation, organization, communication and search, were found.

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The aim of this study is to investigate how the use of augmented reality (AR) applications in educational environments affects students’ achievement levels. The study was carried out through two dimensions; a quantitative and a qualitative aspect. The study was conducted with 7th-grade students in a public secondary school in Turkey as part of a science course. For this purpose, AR applications and activities were implemented that were suitable for the topic of Astronomy. The quasi-experimental model and one of the quantitative research methods were used for the study. As data collection instruments an achievement test and an interview form were made use of. AR activities were used for teaching in the experimental group, while the traditional method for the control group. The quantitative results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the achievement level of learners in favor of the experimental group. The interviews with the students revealed that the AR applications used in the course were interesting, that they increased interest, desire, and motivation in class, and that they facilitated learning. However, students indicated that the cost of the AR materials was high, that they had difficulty in obtaining the materials, and that they sometimes had technical problems. Another limitation was expressed as that the excess the number of students makes it more difficult to take the advantage of AR activities. Students suggested that lowering the cost of AR materials and using them in other lessons can be more effective in learning environment.

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