The article examines new approaches to the Jadid movement, educational ideas shaping the national liberation ideology in Central Asia, as well as political programs and strategic goals of the national liberation movement. Such educational maintenance of Jadidism in the course of social and political development of the country has changed the status of old social and political system, having provided her new, original character. Together with it, process of formation and high-quality changes of Jadidism in the country can be divided into two periods: cultural and educational and period of political struggle. The educational ideas of Jadidism have generated need to reform an education system in the country according to modern models. Naturally, such reforms have adopted also the colonial authorities in the country. In the course of education system reform realization the imperial government protecting colonial interests in the actions relied on the principles of Great Russian chauvinism.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire played an important role in the processes of European migration. Of particular importance was the migration policy with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Czechs, Rusins, Poles, and Slovaks, who belonged to the Austro-Hungarian population, settled mainly in the European part of the Russian Empire and engaged mainly in agriculture, while the Austrians and Germans opened industrial enterprises in the cities of Western Siberia (Governor- Generalship of the Steppes, 1882–1918). In general, there were two reasons why the Austro-Hungarians settled in Western Siberia and Turkestan: some voluntarily resettled and contributed to the economic and social development of the regions, while others had to move here as prisoners of war. However, it should be noted that in both cases, the tsarist administration did not restrict their social and legal status. The article examines the reasons for the stay of Austro-Hungarian subjects in Western Siberia and Turkestan, as well as their impact on the socio-economic situation of these regions. Austro- Hungarian immigrants, as well as immigrants from other European countries, acted as transmitters of new entrepreneurial experience, advanced technologies, and Western entrepreneurial culture. The descendants of immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian lands became part of the multinational composition of Western Siberia and Turkestan.

In XXth century the Muslim movement Turk and Muslim peoples against the colonialist yoke of imperial power had democratic character based on the national, cultural and political demands. It was the ideology of the movement of Turk and Islamic Defenders parties. The formation of the Muslim movement was caused by intolerable and colonizing burdens, poor sociopolitical situation of Turk and other Muslim nations under Russian colony. The colonial policy the imperial power aimed at Russification of all spheres of social life led to the crisis and stalemate life of Muslim nations under the empire. This angered the Muslims and encouraged them to fight for independence. And also by assessing the connection between the Turkic consolidation and the current political situation, movements of direction and ideas aimed at uniting the Turkic peoples are determined. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the activities of representatives of the national intelligentsia and the revival of national ideologies. The activity of representatives of the national intelligentsia in the early XX-th century in the formation of the national idea was considered in the article

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