Over the last ten years, the incidence of the pathology of the bronchus-pulmonary system in children has increased 3.6 times, mainly due to acute and recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Thus, the problem of identifying children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis and an increased risk of developing asthma is relevant and promising. The goal of this study was to find molecular genetic markers associated with increased susceptibility of children to repeated episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis. The molecular genetic testing of the IL4 gene of a single nucleotide polymorphism C-33T was performed in 35 children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis and 35 children with acute bronchitis. The results were statistically processed on a personal computer with the calculation of values the arithmetic mean (M), of the errors arithmetic mean (m), Student criterion (t), the degree of probability (p), Pearson criterion (χ 2 ), and the odds ratio (OR). Statistically significant differences were figured at p<0.01 and p<0.05. It has been proved that the presence of a child’s genotype 33CT IL4 increases the risk of recurrent acute obstructive bronchitis four times.

Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, these changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, is increasing world-wide and in Kazakhstan. The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in pa-tients with cancer comorbidities. Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients with MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 software package. The significance criterion was p<0.05. Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/l in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/l in the controls. No significant difference in blood pressure was found. Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer ]development in patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic diagnostics.

Повышение осведомленности и улучшение понимания вопросов антибиотикорезистентности посредством эффективной коммуникации, образования и профессиональной подготовки является одной из целей Глобального плана действий по борьбе с устойчивостью к противомикробным препаратам, принятого на 68-ой сессии Всемирной ассамблеиздравоохранения (Резолюция WHA 68.7). В статье представлены результаты анкетирования врачей различных медицинских учреждений РК по вопросам клинической микробиологии, спектра активности и безопасности антибактериальных средств. Оценивалась взаимосвязь между уровнем знаний и медицинским стажем, занимаемой должностью, наличием клинического фармаколога в медицинском учреждении. Данное исследование показало низкий уровень знаний врачей и целесобразность подготовки эффективных образовательных вмешательств для сдерживания антибиотикорезистентности. Тиімді байланыс, білім беру және кәсіби дайындық арқылы микробқа қарсы тұрақтылық туралы ақпараттандыруды арттыру және мәселені ұғынуды жақсарту микробқа қарсы тұрақтылыққа қарсы жаһандық іс-қимыл жоспарының мақсаттарының бірі болып табылады. Мақалада бактерияға қарсы агенттердің клиникалық микробиологиясы, белсенділік спектрі және қауіпсіздігі мәселелері бойынша дәрігерлер арасында жүргізілген сауалнаманың нәтижелері келтірілген. Білім деңгейі мен дәрігердің лауазымы, медициналық тәжірибесі, медициналық мекемеде клиникалық фармакологтың болуы арасындағы байланыс бағаланды. Бұл зерттеу дәрігерлердің төмен білім деңгейін және антибиотикке төзімділікті тежеу үшін тиімді білім беру шараларын дайындаудың орындылығын көрсетті. Raising awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance issues through effective communication, education and training is one of the goals of the Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance. The article presents the results of a questionnaire of doctors on clinical microbiology, spectrum of activity and safety of antibacterial agents. The relationship between the level of knowledge and medical experience, the position held, the presence of a clinical pharmacologist in a medical institution was evaluated. This study showed a low level of knowledge of doctors and the feasibility of preparing effective educational interventions to curb antibiotic resistance.

Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, these changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, is increasing worldwide and in Kazakhstan. The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in patients with cancer comorbidities. Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients with MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 software package. The significance criterion was p<0.05. Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/L in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/L in the controls. No significant difference in blood pressure was found. Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer ]development in patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic diagnostics.

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