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A discrete adjoint method for generating sensitivity coefficients related to two-phase flow production data is derived. The procedure is applied to calculate the sensitivity of wellbore pressure and water-oil-ratio to reservoir simulator gridblock permeabilities and porosities. Using these sensitivity coefficients, an efficient form of the Gauss-Newton algorithm is applied to generate maximum a posteriori estimates and realizations of the rock property fields conditioned to a prior geostatistical model and pressure and/or water-oil ratio data obtained under two-phase (oil and water) flow conditions. P. 205

We tested the applicability of the stress buffering hypothesis in a developing country setting with data from the Senior Sample of the Malaysian Family Life Survey-2. Using ordered logistic regression methods, we examined whether having daily contact with adult children moderates the effect of low socioeconomic status (SES; conceptualized as a chronic stressor) on self-assessed health status. We found that low SES is associated with poorer health for all three ethnic groups--Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Further, for Malays and Chinese, we found that the negative effects of low SES on health tend to be stronger for older people with less frequent contact with adult children than for those who have daily contact. These results provide general support for the buffering model and suggest that, as found in developed countries, active intergenerational relationships in developing country settings may have protective effects on the health of older people experiencing chronic stressors.

The present findings have an obvious and unfortunate implication: as more patients who are HIV-1 seropositive join the seronegative community in becoming obese, the effects of obesity and their disease may summate and their risk for balance and gait problems may increase.