By means of the nuclear parton distribution studied only with lepton deep-inelastic scattering experimental data, the effect of spatially inhomogeneous shadowing is studied in the p-A Drell-Yan dimuon production process. Using multiple soft rescattering theory, the initial state energy loss effect is also considered within the Glauber framework. The calculated results are compared to the E772 and E866 data. It is shown that the theoretical results while considering the energy loss effect are in good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper, we also compare the calculated results of inhomogeneous shadowing with those of homogeneous and find that the inhomogeneous shadowing results exhibit a stronger energy loss effect than the homogeneous results at the same parameter.

Based on relativistic constituent quark (RCQ) model, the electric and magnetic form factors are analyzed. The ratio of the two form factors for the proton , which is an image of its charge and magnetization distributions, is calculated in the light-front formulism of RCQ model. Recently, this ratio was measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the polarization technique. The new data presented span the range and are well described by a linear Q2 fit. Also, the ratio reaches a constant value while Q2 becomes larger than 2 (GeV)2. Our calculation results are presented and appear to be consistent with the experimental ones.

By means of a Glauber Monte Carlo framework, the J/ψ production at RHIC energies is studied with the EKS98, EPS09 and HKN07 shadowing parameters. With a χ2 analysis of the experimental data given by PHENIX, a significant dependence of the absorption cross-section, σ abs , on the J/ψ-nucleon center-of-mass energy, [Formula: see text], is revealed with the HKN07 shadowing, but an unconspicuous dependence is shown with the EKS98 and EPS09 shadowing. In this paper, the nuclear modification factor Rd Au vs y, pT and N coll are also calculated and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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A consistent approach to estimating nuclear e ect functions R A v (x 2 ) and R A s (x 2 ) based on numerical iteration technique is presented in the quark-parton model when taking into account the nonconstancy of quantum chromodynamics correction factor K. R A v (x 2 ) and R A s (x 2 ) correspond respectively to the valence quark distributions for one bo u n dnucleon within the nucleus and to the sea quark ones. Related numerical analysis is given for nuclei 12 6 C, 40 20 Ca, and 56 26 Fe. As the basis, it adopts bo t hexperimental data of the high energy proton-nucleus Drell{Yan process and of the high energy lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering.