This study reports the design and fabrication of ultrathin MoS 2 nanosheets@metal organic framework-derived N-doped carbon nanowall array hybrids on flexible carbon cloth (CC@CN@MoS 2 ) as a free-standing anode for high-performance sodium ion batteries. When evaluated as an anode for sodium ion battery, the as-fabricated CC@CN@MoS 2 electrode exhibits a high capacity (653.9 mA h g −1 of the second cycle and 619.2 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g −1 ), excellent rate capability, and long cycling life stability (265 mA h g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 1000 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique 2D hybrid structures, in which the ultrathin MoS 2 nanosheets with expanded interlayers can provide shortened ion diffusion paths and favorable Na + insertion/extraction space, and the porous N-doped carbon nanowall arrays on flexible carbon cloth are able to improve the conductivity and maintain the structural integrity. Moreover, the N-doping-induced defects also make them favorable for the effective storage of sodium ions, which enables the enhanced capacity and rate performance of MoS 2 .

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The repair of large bone defects with complex geometries remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we explored the feasibility of fabricating polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite (PLA-HA) composite scaffolds. These scaffolds were constructed from vascularized tissue engineered bone using an in vivo bioreactor (IVB) strategy with three-dimensional printing technology. Specifically, a rabbit model was established to prefabricate vascularized tissue engineered bone in two groups. An experimental group (EG) was designed using a tibial periosteum capsule filled with 3D printed (3DP) PLA-HA composite scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and crossed with a vascular bundle. 3DP PLA-HA scaffolds were also combined with autologous BMSCs and transplanted to tibial periosteum without blood vessel as a control group (CG). After four and eight weeks, neovascularisation and bone tissues were analysed by studying related genes, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological examinations between groups. The results showed that our method capably generated vascularized tissue engineered bone in vivo. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in neovascular and new viable bone formation in the two groups. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of generating large vascularized bone tissues in vivo with 3DP PLA-HA composite scaffolds.