The progression of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) as well as impaired immunity due to chronic diseases and complications, aging, and so forth pose opportunities in parallel with challenges to the wound dressing products. In a bid to address the remedies, electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) with high permeability and good biocompatibility have made an entry as wound dressings. With high specific surface area, such ENMs can pave the way for the loading and release of antimicrobial agents and further promote wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix structure. In this review, we have compiled a series of novel antimicrobial agents that can be substituted for antibiotics against ARB and outlined their antimicrobial mechanisms, providing an overview of the latest research to illustrate how ENMs can achieve the loading and efficient release of antimicrobial agents against ARB. Last but not least, on the basis of the demands for timely and accurate wound diagnosis, ENMs capable of colorimetric detection are featured as test‐strips for the diagnosis of wound pathogenic bacteria, in the hope of inspiring researchers to design smart wound dressings capable of diagnosis and treatment integration.

No abstract