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This study is aimed to evaluate the potential effects of sodium aescinate (SA, the sodium salt of aescin) on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An excision skin wound was created in diabetic rats, and the wounded rats were divided into three groups: I) control group, II) gel-treated group, and III) SA-treated group. The control group wounds received topically normal saline once daily for 19 days. The gel-treated and SA-treated wounds received topically 400 μl of pluronic F-127 gel (25%) and 400 μl of SA (0.3%) in pluronic gel, respectively, once daily for 19 days. SA application in diabetic rats increased the wound contraction and significantly decreased the level of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in comparison to the gel-treated group and control group. SA application in diabetic rats also resulted in a marked increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) compared to the other groups. Histopathologically, SA-treated wounds showed better granulation tissue dominated by marked fibroblast proliferation, and wounds were covered by thick regenerated epithelial layer. Additionally, the application of only pluronic gel produced some beneficial effects in some parameters in comparison to control group, but most of them were not significantly different. These findings demonstrated that SA may effectively control and improve wound healing in diabetic rats via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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