The sememe heredity of action semantics may be affected by the related association of a verb or noun in an action phrase and the related association between one action phrase and another. The motor encoding theory and the five-component view of the subject-performed task supported by the verb's specificity highly promote the enactment effect. However, the episodic integration theory emphasizes the role of semantic integration between the verb and noun on the enactment effect. In this study, a subject-performed task was combined with a priming paradigm and found that verbsemantic priming quantity was more significant than that of noun-semantic priming quantity under motor encoding in Experiment 1. Besides, it was observed that the verbsemantic association might play a more significant role in the sememe heredity of action semantics. Therefore, in Experiment 2, a subject-performed task was combined with the dual task of prospective memory. Results showed that the accuracy of prospective memory targets related to the learning phrases was significantly higher compared to that of the prospective memory targets unrelated to the learning phrases. Besides, the above difference is more evident verbally compared to motor encoding conditions. Thus, the sememe heredity of action semantics may rely on the related association of action semantic contents rather than on the semantic processing form of external motor encoding.

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The current study explored the mechanism of self-concealment on perceived social support among youth living alone and tried to clarify the two mediating variables, which are “psychological needs met through internet gratification” and “social self-esteem”, by using the Self-Concealment Scale, the Psychological Needs met through Internet Gratification Scale, the Texas Social Behavior Inventory and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Four hundred thirty-three working youth living alone who have lived alone or shared no emotional intersection with others were chosen as participants in this study. The results showed that: (1) the correlation between self-concealment, perceived social support, psychological needs met via internet gratification and social self-esteem was significant; (2) self-concealment positively predicted perceived social support; (3) self-concealment indirectly predicted perceived social support through the chain mediating effect of “psychological needs met via internet gratification” and “social self-esteem”. These results indicated that the self-concealment of youth living alone had a predictive effect on the perceived social support. The mechanisms of this effect included the direct effect of self-concealment and indirect effect through “psychological needs met via internet gratification” and “social self-esteem”.

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The enactment effect refers to a phenomenon in which the memory performance for action phrases is enhanced by performing the described action (e.g., sharpen a pencil) compared to simply reading the action phrase. This produced effect can result in improved motor processing. The current study investigated the contribution of semantic integration to the enactment effect by contrasting well-integrated phrases, such as “blow up the balloon”, with poorly-integrated phrases, such as “sew the toothpick”, and analyzing the N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPs). The subjects encoded action phrases with different degrees of semantic integration by either pretending to perform or reading action phrases. They, then completed a phrase recognition test while electroencephalographic signals were simultaneously recorded. The behavioural results showed that semantic integration improved memory performance under the motor encoding condition but not under the verbal encoding condition. The ERP results revealed that, regardless of whether it was an old (memorized) or new (distractor) phrase, a larger N400 component was elicited under the motor encoding condition than under the verbal encoding condition. In the motor encoding condition, poorly-integrated phrases elicited a larger N400 component than well-integrated phrases; in the verbal encoding condition this effect was not observed. The N400 effect associated with semantic processing was enhanced by semantic integration under the motor encoding condition rather than the verbal encoding condition. These results supported a deep semantic processing mechanism under the motor encoding condition, and a semantic feedback processing mechanism for the enactment effect was partially supported.