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Introduction: This study examined the effect of a new bioactive dentin substitute material (Biodentine) on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: Biodentine, White ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement were evaluated. Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated for 1, 3, and 7 days both in the extracts from immersion of set materials in culture medium and directly on the surface of the set materials immersed in culture medium. Fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium were used as a control group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts to the surface of the set materials was assessed by using scanning electron microscopy. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analyzed statistically by using a one-way analysis of variance test at a significance level of P < .05. Results: Cells exposed to extracts from Biodentine and MTA showed the highest viabilities at all extract concentrations, whereas cells exposed to glass ionomer cement extracts displayed the lowest viabilities (P < .05). There was no significant difference in cell viabilities between Biodentine and MTA during the entire experimental period (P > .05). Human gingival fibroblasts in contact with Biodentine and MTA attached to and spread over the material surface after an overnight culture and increased in numbers after 3 and 7 days of culture. Conclusions: Biodentine caused gingival fibroblast reaction similar to that by MTA. Both materials were less cytotoxic than glass ionomer cement. (J Endod 2013;39:478-483)

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BackgroundTo investigate the physical properties and the hydration behaviour of the fast-setting bioceramic iRoot FS Fast Set Root Repair Material (iRoot FS) and three other endodontic cements.MethodsiRoot FS, Endosequence Root Repair Material Putty (ERRM Putty), gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate (G-MTA & W-MTA), and intermediate restorative material (IRM) were evaluated. The setting time was measured using ANSI/ADA standards. Microhardness was evaluated using the Vickers indentation test. Compressive strength and porosity were investigated at 7 and 28 days. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed for the hydration test.ResultsiRoot FS had the shortest setting time of the four bioceramic cements (p < .001). The microhardness values of iRoot FS, ERRM Putty and MTA increased at different rates over the 28 days period. At day one, ERRM Putty had the lowest microhardness of the bioceramic cements (p < .001), but reached the same level as MTA at 4, 7 and 28 days. The microhardness of iRoot FS was lower than that of W-MTA at 7 and 28 days (p < .05). The porosity of the materials did not change after 7 days (p < .05). The compressive strength values at 28 days were significantly greater for all bioceramic groups compared to those at 7 days (p < .01). ERRM Putty had the highest compressive strength and the lowest porosity of the evaluated bioceramic cements (p < .05), followed by iRoot FS, W-MTA, and G-MTA, respectively. DSC showed that iRoot FS hydrated fastest, inducing an intense exothermic reaction. The ERRM Putty did not demonstrate a clear exothermic peak during the isothermal calorimetry test.ConclusionsiRoot FS had a faster setting time and hydrating process than the other bioceramic cements tested. The mechanical properties of iRoot FS, G-MTA and W-MTA were relatively similar.