Bioresorbable electronics that can be absorbed and become a part of the organism after their service life are becoming a trend to avoid secondary invasive surgery. However, the sustainable and secure supply of energy for biosensors is a significant challenge. Here, a bioresorbable pressure sensor (BPS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is reported. The BPS based on the triboelectric nanogenerator can directly convert ambient pressure changes into electrical signals. It offers excellent sensitivity (22.61 mV/mmHg), linearity (R 2 = 0.99), and good durability (850,000 cycles). The bioresorbable materials of poly(lactic acid)/ chitosan/sodium alginate in the BPS show great biocompatibility and can achieve 99.99% sterilization for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the device can successfully identify an abnormal respiratory event in small animals and will be completely degraded after 21 days. The BPS only employs medical materials used commonly in FDA-approved implants, which is crucial for the biosafety of bioresorbable devices. Triboelectric devices are expected to be applied in the clinic as bioresorbable electronics.
As an energy storage technology, supercapacitors (SCs) have become an important part of many electronic systems because of their high-power density, long cycle life, and maintenance-free characteristics. However, the widespread development and use of electronics, including SCs, have led to the generation of a large amount of e-waste. In addition, achieving compatibility between stability and biodegradability has been a prominent challenge for implantable electronics. Therefore, environmentally friendly SCs based on polypyrrole (PPy)-stabilized polypeptide (FF) are demonstrated in this study. The fully degradable SC has a layer-by-layer structure, including polylactic acid/chitosan (PLA–C) support layers, current collectors (Mg), FF/PPy composite layers, and a polyvinyl alcohol/phosphate buffer solution (PVA/PBS) hydrogel. It has the advantages of being light, thin, flexible, and biocompatible. After 5000 cycles in air, the capacitance retention remains at up to 94.7%. The device could stably operate for 7 days in a liquid environment and completely degrade in vitro within 90 days without any adverse effect on the environment. This work has important implications for eco-friendly electronics and will have a significant impact on the implantable biomedical electronics.
The nervous system plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating with the external environment. However, the incidence of neurological diseases is high and increasing year by year. Long drug development cycles, low efficacy, improper models and other bottlenecks restrict the prevention and treatment of diseases. Organ‐on‐chips (OOCs), as in vitro constructed organ microsystems, have made remarkable progress in recent years. The blood–brain barrier chip, neurovascular unit chip, nerve signal transduction chip, and other chips related to brain function have been widely studied. However, in vitro modeling of complex biological systems remains a major challenge for OOCs. The future development goal of OOC is to realize automatic culture, organ function simulation, and real‐time monitoring of physiological and biochemical indicators. In this paper, a strategy for optimizing the structure and functional interface of cell‐derived modules is presented, and a specific model of the automated integration system is proposed. It aims to build standardized and commercial chips related to brain functions and systems by integrating multidisciplinary strengths. In addition, it will drive the progress of life science research, disease modeling, and drug research and promote the development of related industries.
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