Backgroud Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally. Methods Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type. Results The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASIR increased from 234 /100,000 persons (95% UI, 219–249) to 285/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262–310) in this period [EAPC = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79–0.96]. The global ASIRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990–2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI,0.30–0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI,0.80–0.97), respectively. The ASIR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASIR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC = 1.05, 95% CI:0.92–1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC = 0.79, 95% CI:0.71–0.88). Conclusions Both the number of incident cases and ASIR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990–2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.

These results indicate that CA and CP have become a major public health problem in China. MetS and its components were associated with an increased prevalence of CA and CP.

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Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, it severely affects the quality of life of Diabetic patients. Acupuncture is proofed to have favorable effects in treating DNP, however, evidence needs to be gathered and interpreted. We will make a comprehensive review of clinical trials concerning acupuncture in treating DNP and do meta-analysis if possible. Method: The following databases will be searched from the inception to September 2020: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-Fang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. RCTs that evaluated acupuncture for patients with DNP will be included. The primary outcome will be patient-reported pain intensity using validated scales or verbal reporting. The secondary outcomes including the Toronto clinical scoring system, Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity, and quality of life. The study selection, data extraction, and study quality evaluation will be performed independently by 2 researchers. A meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V5.3 statistical software if possible; otherwise, descriptive analysis or subgroup analysis will be conducted. The quality of evidence for outcomes will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: This study will evaluate the effect and safety of acupuncture in treating DNP. Conclusions: The evidence we generated from the present study will provide more options for DNP management in clinical practice. Systematic review registration: INPLASY202090043.