A capillary electrophoresis fingerprint was constructed for Sanhuang tablet, a Chinese traditional patent medicine, that was commonly used in clinical practice, where the isosceles trapezoid method was first applied for the optimization of background electrolyte solution, and the resolution index was performed to assess the experimental conditions; furthermore, a novel linear quantitative fingerprint method was established for accurate qualitative and quantitative discrimination of the test samples from diverse commercial brands. The fingerprint analysis coupled with quantitative determination of two components was employed to elucidate that the quality consistency of the products was relatively good within one manufactory, but poor among different companies for the 30 batches of samples. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between chemical components and antioxidant activity in vitro was investigated using partial least squares analysis, and the calibration and prediction of the antioxidant activity of the selected samples via fingerprint data were presented with the desired results. This work illustrates that the proposed fingerprint analysis based on linear quantitative fingerprint method can be applied for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal preparations as part of their quality control, and the constructed mathematical model is particularly suitable for depicting the fingerprint-efficacy relationship.

A fast micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprint method combined with quantification was developed and validated to evaluate the quality of Fufang Danshen Pills, a traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular system diseases, in which the tetrahedron optimization method was first used to optimize the background electrolyte solution. Subsequently, the index of the fingerprint information amount of I was performed as an excellent objective indictor to investigate the experimental conditions. In addition, a systematical quantified fingerprint method was constructed for evaluating the quality consistency of 20 batches of test samples obtained from the same drug manufacturer. The fingerprint analysis combined with quantitative determination of two components showed that the quality consistency of the test samples was quite good within the same commercial brand. Furthermore, the partial least squares model analysis was used to explore the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between active components and antioxidant activity in vitro, which can be applied for the assessment of anti-oxidant activity of Fufang Danshen pills and provide valuable medicinal information for quality control. The result illustrated that the present study provided a reliable and reasonable method for monitoring the quality consistency of Fufang Danshen pills.

Background IFN-γ has been traditionally recognized as an inflammatory cytokine that involves in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Previously we have shown that sustained IFN-γ induced malignant transformation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) via arginine depletion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this is still unknown. Methods In this study, the amino acids contents in BMECs were quantified by a targeted metabolomics method. The acquisition of differentially expressed genes was mined from RNA-seq dataset and analyzed bioinformatically. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay were performed to detect gene mRNA and protein expression levels. CCK-8 and would healing assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration abilities, respectively. Cell cycle phase alternations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The targeted metabolomics analysis specifically discovered IFN-γ induced arginine depletion through accelerating arginine catabolism and inhibiting arginine anabolism in BMECs. Transcriptome analysis identified leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3), which was regulated by p38 and ERK MAPKs, to downregulate arginine level through interfering with argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) as IFN-γ stimulated. Moreover, LAP3 also contributed to IFN-γ-induced malignant transformation of BMECs by upregulation of HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) expression and promotion of cell cycle proteins cyclin A1 and D1 expressions. Arginine supplementation did not affect LAP3 and HDAC2 expressions, but slowed down cell cycle process of malignant BMECs. In clinical samples of patients with breast cancer, LAP3 was confirmed to be upregulated, while ASS1 was downregulated compared with healthy control. Conclusions These results demonstrated that LAP3 mediated IFN-γ-induced arginine depletion to malignant transformation of BMECs. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer both in humans and dairy cows.

This study developed a detection method based on the strategy of HPLC/MS3 and verified its suitability by quantifying carbamazepine in human plasma. The high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS3) system was performed using a Shimadzu UFLC XR liquid chromatography and a SCIEX QTRAP® 5500 linear ion trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The specific operation was as follows: the sample protein was firstly precipitated using methanol, then carbamazepine and carbamazepine-D2N15 were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column using the gradient elution with solvent A (0.1% formic acid) and solvent B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Each sample was run for 7 min. This method was validated for various parameters including accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, LLOQ, etc. Only 5 μL of sample plasma could obtain the result of LLOD 0.5 µg/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision was <8.23%, and accuracy was between −1.74% and 2.92%. This method was successfully used for monitoring the blood concentration of epilepsy patients after carbamazepine treatment.

Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is primarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal and generalized seizures. This study describes the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method with triple‐stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a short reversed‐phase column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB‐C18 column, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) using isocratic elution with 25% 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and 75% methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The linear range is 0.5–50 μg/mL (R2 > 0.99). All the validation data, such as lower limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, recoveries, matrix effects, and other parameters, fit the request of biological method validation guidance. Passing–Bablok regression coefficients demonstrated that there is no constant bias and no proportional bias between the liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods with triple‐stage fragmentation and liquid multiple reaction monitoring. Bland–Altman plot showed that the developed liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method with triple‐stage fragmentation method is reliable and accurate to determine levetiracetam in human serum.