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Harvested water bamboo shoots can be stored for only a few days before they lose weight and become soft. Nitrogen oxide (NO) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have previously been used to prolong horticultural crop storage. In the present study, we analyzed the joint effect of these two methods on extending the postharvest quality of water bamboo shoots. Water bamboo shoots were treated with (1) 30 μL L−1 NO, (2) MAP, and (3) a combination of NO and MAP. The NO treatment delayed the softness and weight loss through maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhancing the ATP level by activating the expressions and activities of succinic dehydrogenase, malic acid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase. MAP improved the effect of NO on the mitochondrial energy metabolism. These results indicate that NO and MAP treatments are effective at suppressing the quality deterioration of water bamboo shoots, MAP improves the effect of NO in extending postharvest life, and NO may be the main effective factor in the combination of NO and MAP.

Lignification is a major cause of senescence in fresh shoots of water bamboo (Zizania latifolia), which is a popular vegetable in southeast Asia; however, its physiological and molecular mechanisms is less understood. In the present study, lignin content and transcriptome change in postharvested water bamboo shoots under cold storage were investigated. We found that lignin significantly accumulated in the epidermis of the shoots with the increase of firmness. In the cold storage shoots, the major up-regulated genes were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The lignin biosynthesis genes PAL, 4CL, C4H, CCoAOMT, CCR, F5H, CAD, and POD family were up-regulated during cold storage, while HCT and C3H were down-regulated. The MAPK signaling pathway was also up-regulated and respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH) genes were strongly up-regulated. Therefore, we investigated the RBOH gene family and their expression profile in water bamboo shoots. The results indicated that 10 ZlRBOHs were up-regulated in cold storage shoots. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of RBOH oxidase, significantly inhibited the expression of genes involved in lignin deposition and biosynthesis, while H2O2 enhanced these processes. These results suggest that lignification of water bamboo shoots is regulated by RBOH-mediated ROS signaling.

In order to further improve the operating efficiency of wind turbines and explore the aerodynamic performance of the complex motion of wind turbine blades under yaw loads. In this study, the change in the angle of attack of the blade section airfoil under yaw load can be modeled as an oscillating airfoil and combined with the blade's flapwise motion. The NREL S809 airfoil are chosen for the research, based on the SST k-ω turbulence model with transition correction, under the condition of Reynolds number of 10 6 . The effect of phase difference on its aerodynamic performance under combined flapwise and pitching motion in various flapwise amplitudes and working conditions were analyzed. For the combined oscillations, the effects of the flapwise amplitude ( h ) in the range of 0.2≤ h ≤0.5 are investigated with the phase differences of Φ=±3π/4, ±π/2, ±π/4, 0. The results show that the phase difference between the pitching motion and the flapping motion and the different flapping amplitudes can have a large impact on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil during dynamic stall, but the degree of influence is greatly different in different situations.