The supercritical fluid flow jetted out from a nozzle was divided into two stages, free jetting and passing through the porous media, in a supercritical spray dyeing process. According to the nature of the flow, the free jetting model and passing through porous media model were established separately. Based on the established models, the characteristics of supercritical fluid flow field in the supercritical fluid spray dyeing process were investigated firstly in this paper. Distributions of the temperature and pressure and their influencing factors in the flow field, which are the determinants of the spray dyeing process, were obtained and analyzed. Besides, the mass flow and covering diameter sprayed by supercritical fluid were studied. The simulating analysis may provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the actual process of supercritical fluid spray dyeing.

We reported a superhydrophobic silica-coated surface with a water contact angle of 160° with a 4 μL water droplet, and transparency of 70-86% in the wavelength range of 380-800 nm. The silica film was synthesized at room temperature (22 °C) using sol-gel process by a simple, cost-effective and uniform spin-coating by mixing silicon dioxide sol-gel with γ-(2, 3-epoxypropyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560). The durability of the coating could be effectively enhanced by controlling the ratio of KH-560 and modified silicon dioxide sol-gel. It was believed that this process that we used can hold a great potential in super-hydrophobic surface fabrication.

This paper presents the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity against enrofloxacin (ENR) through cell fusion procedures, and the development of a mAb-based indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) method to detect ENR residue using one of these Hybridomas (clone 4B5-D6). Under the optimal experimental conditions, this assay exhibited a working range of 0.004-38 ng/mL with IC50 and LOD values of 0.4 and 0.002 ng/mL, respectively. Except for a high cross-reactivity (105.2%) to Ciprofloxacin, negligible cross-reactivity to the other compounds was observed. After optimization, 10% of methanol was used in the assay buffer and this ELISA system can tolerate acetonitrile not higher than 10%. Recovery studies indicate that an excellent correlation between concentration spiked and concentration determined was found, and the results also suggest this assay has the potential to be incorporated into a quantitative monitoring program for the rapid screening of ENR residue in poultry tissues.

M-type Ba-hexaferrite (BaM) thin films with two different structures (single layered and double layered) were deposited on (001) Al2O3 substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The changes in microstructural and magnetic properties of the films corresponding to different layer structures and substrate temperatures (Ts) were investigated. Experimental results indicated that for the single layered films deposited directly on substrates at Ts = 300 °C and Ts = 500 °C, most of the grains are acicular type grains with their c-axis in-plane and/or randomly oriented. However, in the double layered film with first interfacial layer deposited at Ts = 300 °C and second layer deposited at Ts = 500 °C, good crystallographic characteristics and excellent perpendicular c-axis orientation were obtained. The c-axis dispersion angle (Δθc) decreased to 0.49°, while the squareness ratio and coercivity of the out-of-plane respectively increased to 0.85 and 4.67 kOe in the double layered film. The mechanism for improving perpendicular c-axis orientation with the interfacial BaM layer was attributed to an increase in the perpendicularly oriented nucleation sites and the release of the stress that comes from the film-substrate interface.

A real-time disambiguous localization method for multiple acoustic sources using widely spaced microphone array is proposed in this paper. The observation signals in each frame are firstly discriminated utilizing conventional energy-based sound detection measurement. Using inter-microphone phase differences (IPD), as well as an iterative cluster process, the DOAs of sources can be estimated while the phase wrapping ambiguity in conventional DUET is avoided.