Visible-light-enabled photocatalytic carbotrifluoro-methylations of allylic alcohols and sodium triflinate were explored through 1,2-migration of an aryl group, affording an efficient method for synthesis of b-trifluoromethyl-a-substituted carbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions. This catalyst system is well tolerant of various synthetically useful functional groups.

Mild and direct intramolecular oxidative aryltrifluoromethylations of activated alkenes have been established through visible light photocatalysis, affording a range of CF3-containing oxindoles or isoquinolinediones in the presence of an organic fluorophore-type photocatalyst 4CzIPN, oxygen and visible light irradiation under strong oxidant and transition metal free conditions. A variety of frequently encountered functional groups are well tolerated in this transformation.

The initial success of optical character recognition (OCR) for ancient scripts has opened the floodgates for ‘smart’ ancient script research. ‘Smart’ ancient script research requires the support of a smart ancient script database. 
In order to compile the big data necessary for this smart research, smart ancient script database software must be able to recognize all aspects and all levels of all ancient script materials. Therefore, in addition to the integration of OCR functionality into this software, the other primary imperative moving forward is to innovate a new digitized ancient script data system, one that includes full-scale supplementation to include all available materials, as well as newly inputted image data. This data must include variant graphic forms, variant written forms, handwriting, graphic components, calligraphic styles, and other of the inexhaustible different variations in script construction. This database must contain a multi-level framework with an annotated arrangement of the fullest range of meanings for words within linguistic context. It must also contain a digitally integrated multiple-path indexed arrangement of the important paleographical interpretations in the field. Our strategy for the construction of this smart ancient script database is to push forward with both algorithm writing and data input work simultaneously and in mutual support, following an open-sourced community supported model, making this project an exercise in interdisciplinary collaboration within the paleography community.

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