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Facet tropism is recognized as the difference in the positioning of the facet joints in association with each other in the sagittal plane. This guides to an imbalanced biomechanical force over the facet joints and the intervertebral disc during rotation and other physiological activities. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and CINHAL from 2004 to 2021 to recognize the related research studies was performed. The data for meta-analysis were obtained from multiple studies to get the combined effect of the facet tropism on the lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (LDS). 117 articles were incorporated in the systematic review, where 41 studies were selected for meta-analysis, out of which 7 studies were found eligible as per the inclusion criteria. When degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis was compared with the normal group, 95% CI was observed at 1.94 (1.59, 2.28). There was a comparison of disc herniation with the normal group in L4/L5, with a 95% CI of 0.60 (0.05, 1.14). The L5/S1 disc herniation was compared with the normal group and was found to be 0.21 (−0.48, 0.90). Therefore, it was observed that facet tropism is related to lumbar disc herniation and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Our meta-analysis demonstrated a unique link between the facet tropism and the lumbar disk degeneration along with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

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Background. Lumbopelvic kinematics has been observed to include different parameters and directly relate to the movement of the hip spine. In the current scenario, more than 65 million people have been suffering from spinal pain, and 18% of adults experience chronic spinal pain. Methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis selected 9 studies for analysis via electronic databases like EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane (CENTRAL). After collecting the data, the dataset has been systematically analyzed through statistical methodologies using RevMan and Stata. Results. Out of 116 studies initially scrutinized, nine were finally selected for the meta-analysis. When range of motion was studied via meta-analysis, it was noted that a considerable reduced movement was noted in the lumbar region of the spine when people were suffering from lower back pain in comparison to control group people. Hence, reduced lumbar range of motion, no difference in the angle of lordosis, and no significant difference in extension and rotation in people with lower back pain were found. However, variability was noted in people suffering from lower back pain for flexion and lateral flexion. A significant heterogeneity was found between the studies which lacked some details and standardization of the criteria which were used for defining patients with lower back pain or without them (control group). Results show that spinal pain is the main reason behind the limitation of lumbar range of motion. It is clear from the data set of mean and standard deviation, and this is clear to establish the relationship between the causes of pelvic and spinal pain. In flexion-based ROM, the mean difference was found to be −9.77 (95% CI: −21.86, 2.32). Similarly, for lateral flexion, the mean difference was found to be −5.58 (with 95% CI: −10.38, −0.79). Conclusion. It can be concluded that spinal disease is too influential for people; thereby, it affects day-to-day life activities by creating painful and restricted movements. It is concluded that people suffering from lower back pain have reduced proprioception and range of movement in the lumbar region when compared to control groups with no lower back pain, which mainly focus on flexion and lateral flexion.