Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to threaten global public health due to drug resistance and the emergence of frequently mutated strains. Thus, it is critical to find new strategies to control IAV infection. Here, we discover one host protein, HDAC6, that can inhibit viral RNA polymerase activity by deacetylating PA and thus suppresses virus RNA replication and transcription. Previously, it was reported that IAV can utilize the HDAC6-dependent aggresome formation mechanism to promote virus uncoating, but HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of α-tubulin inhibits viral protein trafficking at late stages of the virus life cycle. These findings together will contribute to a better understanding of the role of HDAC6 in regulating IAV infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDAC6 at various periods of viral infection may illuminate novel strategies for developing antiviral drugs.

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Dietary fiber (DF) from sisal waste and Moringa oleifera stem were modified using a successive enzymatic‐ultrasonic (E‐U) treatment to produce modified DF products (MDFs), with reduced ratio of insoluble DF (IDF) and soluble DF (SDF) and decreased particle size. The water‐holding capacity, swelling capacity, and oil‐holding capacity of the MDFs were elevated upon E‐U treatment. MDF‐S (MDF from sisal waste) and MDF‐M (MDF from M. oleifera stem) were fermented to produce short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut bacteria in mice, with total SCFA content of 3.81 μmol/g and 3.34 μmol/g, respectively, when added in basal feed at 10% (wt/wt). Metagenomic analyses demonstrated that MDFs tended to increase the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24‐7_group, norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcus_1, and Akkermansia at genus level. These findings suggest that MDF supplementation in diet could favorably modulate gut microbiome in mice. Novelty impact statement We proposed a DF modification strategy to improve its role in intestinal flora modulation. Our results suggest that successive enzymatic and ultrasonic treatment effectively reduced the IDF/SDF ratio of DF. Supplement of the modified DF could alter the intestinal flora of mice to a high Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and elevate the relative abundance of several beneficial microbiota.