Muscle atrophy is a severe clinical problem involving the loss of muscle mass and strength that frequently accompanies the development of numerous types of cancer, including pancreatic, lung and gastric cancers. cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a continuous decline in skeletal muscle mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional therapy. The pathophysiological characteristic of cancer cachexia is a negative protein and energy balance caused by a combination of factors, including reduced food intake and metabolic abnormalities. numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by the presence of abnormal metabolites, which mediate several intracellular signaling pathways and result in the net loss of cytoplasm and organelles in atrophic skeletal muscle during various states of cancer cachexia. currently, the clinical morbidity and mortality rates of patients with cancer cachexia are high. once a patient enters the cachexia phase, the consequences are difficult to reverse and the treatment methods for cancer cachexia are very limited. The present review aimed to summarize the recent discoveries regarding the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy and provided novel ideas for the comprehensive treatment to improve the prognosis of affected patients. Contents 1. introduction 2. activation of the uPS 3. Induction of proinflammatory factors 4. regulation of signaling pathways, transcription factors and micrornas (mirnas/mirs) 5. cell autophagy/lysosomal and ca 2+-dependent protein degradation pathways 6. endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction 7. other receptors and substances that affect metabolism 8. Treatment of muscle atrophy caused by cancer cachexia 9. conclusion

(2013) Classification of difference between inhibition constants of an inhibitor to facilitate identifying the inhibition type, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and

As a highly conserved nuclear protein, death domain-associated protein (Daxx) plays an important role in transcriptional control, carcinogenesis, and resistance to virus infection and so on. In order to further investigate the mechanism of Daxx, the yeast two-hybrid technique was used to screen the intra-cellular proteins interacting with Daxx. And 13 positive colonies and three proteins interacting with Daxx were obtained. One of the candidate proteins was identified as ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1(FTH1). The interaction between Daxx and FTH1 was further supported by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation respectively. Then Daxx was determined to induce apoptosis and FTH1 can inhibit Daxx-mediated apoptosis. Besides, it is found that Daxx mediated apoptosis through the Fas-Daxx-ASK1-JNK1 signaling pathway, while FTH1 can inhibit the activation of JNK signaling pathway. We present evidence to demonstrate the FTH1 and Daxx are able to participate in apoptosis pathway through JNK signal molecule and FTH1 can inhibit this pathway.

Objective. To explore the effect of Wenjing Decoction and Tiaobu Chongren acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on serum sex hormones and ovarian function recovery in premature ovarian failure (POF) patients with deficiency-cold syndrome. Methods. From February 2018 to October 2019, 119 POI patients with deficiency-cold syndrome who met the selection criteria were randomly divided into the control group (n = 59) and the observation group (n = 60). The control group was treated with hormone replacement therapy, and the observation group was treated with Wenjing Decoction and Tiaobu Chongren acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, the Chinese medicine syndrome score, serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and bilateral antral follicle count (AFC), mean ovarian volume, and endometrial thickness of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Result. The effective rate of the observation group (93.10%) was higher than that of the control group (77.59%) ( P < 0.05 ). After treatment, the index scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in two groups were lower than before ( P < 0.05 ), and the observation group was lower than the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The serum E2 and AMH levels in the two groups increased, while FSH and LH levels decreased compared with before treatment, and the observation group improved significantly compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The bilateral AFC, mean ovarian volume, and endometrial thickness of the two groups increased compared with before treatment, and the observation group was higher than the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. On the basis of hormone replacement therapy, the combination of Wenjing Decoction and Tiaobu Chongren acupuncture and moxibustion therapy is effective in treating POF patients with deficiency-cold syndrome, which can effectively regulate their serum sex hormone levels and promote the recovery of ovarian function.

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