Three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks are attracting ever-increasing attention in the field of energy storage because their unique architecture at macroscopic scales is beneficial for effective electron and ion transport.

Conventional methods for the detection of Vibrio parahemolyticus (VP) usually need tedious, labor-intensive processes, and have low sensitivity, which further limits their practical applications. Herein, we developed a simple and efficient colorimetry and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-mode immunosensor for sensitive detection of VP, by employing giant Au vesicles with anchored tiny gold nanowires (AuNW) as a smart probe. Due to the larger specific surface and special hollow structure of giant Au vesicles, silver staining would easily lead to vivid color change for colorimetric analysis and further amplify SERS signals. The t-test was further used to determine if two sets of data from colorimetry and SERS were significantly different from each other. The result shows that there was no significant difference between data from the two methods. Two sets of data can mutually validate each other and avoid false positive and negative detection. The designed colorimetry-SERS dual-mode sensor would be very promising in various applications such as food safety inspection, personal healthcare, and on-site environmental monitoring.

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An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) inhibition method combined with molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) was developed for quantitative determination of malachite green (MG) residues in fish. It was found that MG could strongly inhibit the ECL signal of luminol. Under the optimized conditions, the quenched ECL intensity versus the logarithm of the concentration of MG was in good linear relationship over a concentration range from 20 to 5000 ppt. The method detection limit was found to be about 6 ppt. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents, and MISPE was used for the selective extraction and purification of MG. By carrying out the oxidation reaction with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), which could convert leucomalachite green (LMG) into MG, this method was successfully applied to determine MG residues in fish. A possible mechanism for the quenching effects of MG on luminol was also proposed.

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