The goal of this work was to evaluate the biological effect of the extremely-low-frequencies. We started by evaluating the effect of frequencies with the anti-bacterial functions listed in the Rife frequency database on the growth of Escherichia coli. Among the 11 sets of frequencies tested, we found that only one set comprising frequencies below 100 Hz showed a significant effect on the growth of E. coli, and it was an enhancement effect instead of an inhibition on growth. We further tested various sets of frequencies without anti-bacterial functions but comprising frequencies below 100 Hz, and they all exhibited significant promoting effect on the growth of E. coli when exposed to the irradiation for 1 h. We further evaluated the effect of the extremely low-frequency on the growth of E. coli by scanning from 0-100 Hz. The results showed that the growth rate was noticeably enhanced for the group exposed to the irradiation at the range of 0-100 Hz, with the range of 40-60 Hz being the most effective. In addition, the effect was time-dependent, demonstrated by a significant increase of growth rate observed after exposure of 1h but a slight decrease for exposure of 16 h. The results of this study provided robust data on the biological effect of ELF on the growth of E. coli, an important group of human microbiota, which has critical implication on the safety risk of these frequencies on human health.

A number of nonlocal biological effect of chemicals were reported in recent years. In this study, we examined nonlocal effect of two antibacterial Chinese medicinal herbs (Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sargentodoxa cuneata) on the growth of Escherichia coli. The processed herbs were placed on the transmission side of a commercially available scalar wave device, and the E. coli cultured on triplicate agar plates on the receiver side. Growth suppression was evaluated by Colony Forming Unit (CFU) determination in comparison to the control group. A significant nonlocal inhibitory effect (up to 30%) was demonstrated for the treatment group (p<0.05), indicating a success in transmitting the antibacterial function of the herbs to the E. coli cultures. Factors affecting the success rate were explored.

The concept of a life force energy called "Qi" is a fundamental concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), despite the fact that it cannot be measured using modern technology. For this study, we selected three different forms of potential sources of Qi to study the effect of Qi on cellular and organ level using telomeres as an indicator of aging. The three types of sources of Qi are as follows: The external Qi from a Qigong master, internal Qi generated by ingesting the Qi-invigorating Chinese herb, Astragali Radix, and from a Rotating Poynting Vector (RPV) device which generates an RPV-field which is reported to have similar property as Qi [1]. The results showed that for cells, the expression of TERT gene was up regulated and the telomere length was prolonged after the treatment of different Qi, but the change of telomerase activity was not significant, with only a slight increase at 4 hours after the treatment of Qigong external Qi. For animal organs, Qi from Astragali Radix was found to prolong telomere length in the heart, liver, spleen and lung tissue, but not in the kidney, brain or skeletal muscle of mice. We preliminarily conclude that the three different sources of Qi showed some similarity at the cellular level to improve the status of aging and that Qi-invigorating herbs can delay the shortening of telomere for selected organs of mice. More research needs to be conducted to better understand the effect of Qi on aging as well as its biochemical mechanisms.