A new printed MIMO system with eight elements for a 5G mobile terminal is investigated. The MIMO system consists of printed planar inverted-F antenna elements operating at GSM1900 (1880-1920 MHz), LTE2300 (2300-2400 MHz) and LTE2500 (2540-2620 MHz). The antenna elements have a compact size of 14 mm × 15 mm and are deployed on the non-metalised part of a PCB with dimensions 136 mm × 68.8 mm × 1 mm. By only utilising radiation pattern diversity, good isolations and envelope correlation coefficients for both MIMO systems are achieved. The mean effective gains of the antenna elements are also presented.

Focal adhesions are polyproteins linked to extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, which play an important role in the process of transforming force signals into intracellular chemical signals and subsequently triggering related physiological or pathological reactions. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm, which is composed of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and cross-linked proteins. It is a very important structure for cells to maintain their basic morphology. This review summarizes the process of fluid shear stress transduction mediated by focal adhesion and the key role of the cytoskeleton in this process, which focuses on the focal adhesion and cytoskeleton systems. The important proteins involved in signal transduction in focal adhesion are introduced emphatically. The relationship between focal adhesion and mechanical transduction pathways are discussed. In this review, we discuss the relationship between fluid shear stress and associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, as well as its role in clinical research and drug development.

In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, vascular scaffold materials play an extremely important role. The appropriate substrate chemistries and 15 dynes/cm2 physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) are both required to ensure normal physiological activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study reported the collective influence of substrate chemistries and FSS on HUVECs in the sense of its biological functions. The CH3, NH2, and OH functional groups were adopted to offer a variety of substrate chemistries on glass slides by the technology of self‐assembled monolayers, whereas FSS was generated by a parallel‐plate fluid flow system. Substrate chemistries on its own by no means had noticeable effects on eNOS, ATP, NO, and PGI2 expressions, while FSS stimuli enhanced their production. While substrate chemistries, as well as FSS, were both exerted, the releases of ATP, NO, and PGI2 were dependent on substrate chemistries. Study of F‐actin organization and focal adhesions (FAs) formation of HUVECs before FSS exposure proves that F‐action organization and FAs formation followed similar chemistry‐dependence. Hereby proposed a feasible mechanism, that is, the F‐actin organization and FAs formation of HUVECs are controlled by substrate chemistries, further advancing the modulation of FSS‐triggered responses of HUVECs.