Objective. To explore the effect of continuous nursing care based on the “information-motivation-behavioral skills model” (IMB) in the intervention of patients with aplastic anemia. Methods. A total of 90 patients with aplastic anemia who were admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to January 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table, with 45 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received continuous nursing care based on IMB on the basis of the control group. Patients were followed up for 3 months, and their health knowledge was assessed with our self-made health knowledge rating scale. Patients’ medication compliance was assessed using the Morisky medication compliance questionnaire. The self-care ability was assessed with the self-made self-care ability scale in our hospital. The comprehensive quality of life assessment questionnaire (GQOLI-74) was used to assess the quality of life of patients. A self-prepared nursing satisfaction questionnaire was used to score patients’ nursing satisfaction. The total effective rate of nursing was evaluated. Results. The awareness scores of basic disease knowledge, medication knowledge, and daily self-care knowledge in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0.05). The scores of medication compliance in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0.05). The self-care abilities such as healthy diet, psychological adjustment, self-care skills, oral care, and perianal care in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0.05). The quality of life scores of patients in the two groups in the 3 months of nursing were higher than those when they were discharged from hospital ( P  < 0.05). The GQOLI-74 score of 3 months’ nursing care in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ( P  < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction degree of the observation group (97.78%) was higher than that of the control group (82.23%) ( P  < 0.05). The total effective rate of nursing care in the observation group (97.78%) was higher than that in the control group (77.78%) ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion. IMB-based continuous nursing care can significantly increase the awareness of health knowledge in patients with aplastic anemia, effectively improve medication compliance, significantly enhance self-care ability, and thus, improve the quality of life.