No abstract

State of charge (SOC) estimations are an important part of lithium-ion battery management systems. Aiming at existing SOC estimation algorithms based on neural networks, the voltage increment is proposed in this paper as a new input feature for estimation of the SOC of lithium-ion batteries. In this method, the port voltage, current and voltage increment are taken as inputs and the current SOC is used as output to train a neural network. Different from the adaptive filtering algorithm, which requires complex equivalent circuit parameter identification, this algorithm uses the voltage increment instead of the open circuit voltage (OCV); hence, the complexity of the SOC estimation algorithm is reduced, and the problem of inaccurate estimation caused by neural network algorithms without considering the internal structure of the battery is avoided. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional neural network algorithm, the neural network SOC estimation algorithm based on the voltage increment could improve the accuracy of SOC estimation.INDEX TERMS lithium battery, state of charge, neural network, mind evolutionary algorithm, voltage increment.

No abstract

This paper describes a design for testability technique for second-order bandpass operational transconductance amplifier and capacitor filters using an oscillation-based test topology. The oscillation-based test structure is a vectorless output test strategy easily extendable to built-in self-test. The proposed methodology converts filter under test into a quadrature oscillator using very simple techniques and measures the output frequency. Using feedback loops with nonlinear block, the filter-to-oscillator conversion techniques easily convert the bandpass OTA-C filter into an oscillator. With a minimum number of extra components, the proposed scheme requires a negligible area overhead. The validity of the proposed method has been verified using comparison between faulty and faultfree simulation results of Tow-Thomas and KHN OTA-C filters. Simulation results in 0.25μm CMOS technology show that the proposed oscillation-based test strategy for OTA-C filters is suitable for catastrophic and parametric faults testing and also effective in detecting single and multiple faults with high fault coverage.