MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs with the capacity to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. The miRNA-29 family consists of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c, among which miR-29b is the most highly expressed and is found at two genomic loci. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that aberrant expression of miR-29b is common in the majority of human cancers. miR-29b is known to critically affect cancer progression by functioning as a tumor suppressor. However, it may also act as an oncogene under certain conditions. In this review, we illustrate the role of miR-29b in cancer regulation, function, and signaling. This is the first review highlighting the role of miR-29b in cancer. Our review aims to summarize the effects of miR-29b on cancer activity and its interactions with target genes and signaling pathways, as well as to provide therapeutic implications for overcoming cancer chemoresistance.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) present frequently altered expression in urologic cancers including prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. The altered expression of miR-223 has been reported in cancers and other diseases in recent researches. MiR-223 is up-regulated in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In neoplastic diseases, miR-223 is proved to be up-expressed in plasma or serum and cancer tissues compared with normal tissues in pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, et al. However, whether altered expression of miR-223 is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) and what it is potential functions in PCa remained unveiled. In this study, we firstly found miR-223-3p were up-regulated in prostate cancer tissues and then we study functional role of miR-223-3p in PCa using DU145, PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. Our data suggested that miR-223-3p might target gene SEPT6 and promoted the biological behavior of prostate cancer. Notably, we found increasing SEPT6 expression might reverse the biological activity induced by miR-223-3p, which might be a potential therapeutic target for PCa.

Carbonylation, an efficient and straightforward approach for installing a carbonyl group into their parent compounds, is an important area in modern organic synthesis. This Review outlines the recent advances in the development of nitrogen-centered carbonylation reactions, which consists of two parts: nitrogen-center-directed carbonylation reactions and carbonylative C−N bonds activation. According to the reaction mechanisms, two-electron-and single-electron-mediated carbonylation reactions were systematically classified and discussed in detail. Different inert bonds such as C(sp 2 )−H, C(sp 3 )−H, C−C, C(sp 3 )−N, and C(sp 2 )−N bonds can be activated and ready for a carbonylative transformation toward the synthesis of the corresponding carbonyl-containing compounds.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and hysteroscopic resection while treating placenta accreta (PA).Design A retrospective study.Setting A university teaching hospital in China.Methods This study included 25 patients diagnosed with PA who underwent HIFU followed by hysteroscopic resection in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015. All patients had completed follow-up data. Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated retrospectively.Main outcome measures Placenta accreta could be removed with hysteroscopic resection after HIFU.Results All patients received one session of HIFU ablation therapy. The median total HIFU treatment time was 18 minutes and the median exposure time was 600 seconds. During treatment, 23 lesions showed massive grey-scale changes and two lesions modest grey-scale change. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed signs of reduced perfusion in all lesions. During treatment, all patients tolerated the HIFU procedure well and completed the treatment. All patients complained of mild lower abdominal and sacrococcygeal pain, with a pain score ranging from 1 to 4 points. Seven patients complained of a 'hot' skin sensation. No serious complications were encountered during or after the procedure. All patients received hysteroscopic operations with a median of 2 days after HIFU treatment. The average depth of the uterus was 10.36 AE 2.14 cm. The median volume of intraoperative blood loss was 20 ml, and no blood transfusions were given. Sixteen patients underwent only one session of hysteroscopic resection and nine patients underwent a second session of hysteroscopic resection operation 11-61 days after the first operation. All patients preserved their uterus and tolerated the hysteroscopic operation well. Of the 25 patients, two had uterine perforation during the first operation. No other severe hysteroscopic complication was observed. The average hospital stay was 8.4 AE 1.6 days. After treatment the median duration of vaginal bleeding was 10 days. Twenty-one patients recovered normal menstruation 34 days after the operation. The other four patients continued breastfeeding and therefore exhibited abnormal menstruation.Conclusions HIFU treatment followed by hysteroscopic resection is safe and effective in treating patients with PA.Keywords Effectiveness, high-intensity focused ultrasound, hysteroscopy, placenta accreta, safety.Tweetable abstract For patients with placenta accreta, HIFU treatment before hysteroscopic resection could help reduce risk during the procedure of hysteroscopic resection.Please cite this paper as: Ye M, Yin Z, Xue M, Deng X. High-intensity focused ultrasound combined with hysteroscopic resection for the treatment of placenta accreta. BJOG 2017; 124 (S3): 71-77.