Chemotherapy is often used for female malignancies, but it can increase the risk of premature ovarian failure in women of reproductive age through different mechanisms. Therefore, how to protect ovarian function and preserve fertility has attracted great attention of oncologists and gynecologists. Recently, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine. Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other sources, UCMSCs have a broader application potential due to their properties of lower immunogenicity, fewer ethical issues, and non-invasive collection. Paracrine is one of the most important therapeutic mechanisms of UCMSCs, which can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidative stress, immune regulation, and other therapeutic effects. Studies in animal models have shown that UCMSCs can restore ovarian function after chemotherapy injury. However, most of the relevant researches are still in the preclinical stage. In this article, the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure will be overviewed, and the clinical application potential of UCMSCs in chemotherapeutic ovarian injury will be discussed.

Introduction: Leydig cell tumor (LCT) is a sex cord-stromal tumor, which is a clinically rare ovarian tumor. It is characterized by endocrine hormonal changes and usually occurs in postmenopausal women. Patient concerns: We report the clinical case of a 38-year-old female of childbearing age with LCT of the right ovary who presented with significantly decreased menstrual flow and elevated androgen levels, with persistent hypoechoic areas in the ovary as demonstrated by transvaginal ultrasound. Diagnosis: The transvaginal ultrasound suggested the presence of a hypoechoic area in the right ovary with elevated androgens, interstitial tumor of the ovarian sex cord may be considered. Interventions: The patient underwent laparoscopic right adnexectomy. Outcomes: Postoperative pathology confirmed the morphology and immunohistochemistry of the right adnexa consistent with LCT, and no areas of malignant transformation were found on multiple sections of the surgical specimen. The patient had normal androgen levels at postoperative day 2, day 45 and month 3. There was no sign of recurrence. Conclusion: This case suggests that when women of childbearing age have abruptly decreased menstrual flow with increased testosterone, clinicians should pay attention to intra-ovarian occupying lesions and consider the possibility of LCT. In such cases, ultrasound examination can determine the presence, location, shape and size of occupying ovarian lesions and play an important role in the diagnosis of condition.

Objective To dig herbs and prescriptions with potential good medicinal value in ancient prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on data mining and network pharmacology. Method: Firstly, all published literature related to traditional Chinese ancient medicine prescriptions for treatment of T2DM were screen out form major Chinese databases from the beginning of establishment to June 2021, according to a formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then the herbs and prescriptions among them used for treatment of T2DM were extracted and summarized and were ready to construct the data set. Python programming was used to perform frequency statistics of traditional Chinese medicines. Subsequently, Apriori algorithm was adopted to establish association rules to match high-frequency medicinal materials, in order to screen out high-scoring drug pairs. Next, systematic pharmacology methods was applied and the active ingredients and targets for each herb were searched out from TCMSP, ECTM and other traditional herb pharmacological databases. Moreover, type 2 diabetes-related target genes were screen out from Genecards, OMIM , PharmGkb and TTD databases, and the disease-related targets were obtained through Venn2.1; the pathway analysis on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG ) for each herb using R language and Bioconductor bioinformatics software package; A scoring formula was established based on the enrichment of drug target genes to disease-related genes and the scores about all selected herbs and prescriptions were calculated through the formula; the score was sorted and those herbs and prescriptions with higher scores were potential good clinical values. Results: 700 prescriptions were finally screened out and Astragalus was a high-frequency herb. The highest correlation of paired drug obtained from the correlation analysis was Astragalus membranaceus-Rehmannia glutinous. Through the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and scoring, the highest score herb and prescription were Gorgon Fruit and Warming Yang got respectively. In addition, Astragalus membranaceous and Xiaoke formula, which are known to be commonly used in the treatment of T2DM, were ranked higher scored groups, and some top-ranked ones were not commonly used, such as herb Gorgon Fruit, and prescription Warming Yang. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that this research method has a certain value and significance for digging potential good clinical value of herbs and prescriptions from the available TCM database, which also provides a positive reference values for experimental research as well as clinical drug uses.

This study demonstrated that MK derived from DKI was performed better than MD, ADC, Ve, Kep and Ktrans for differentiating between benign and malignant BLs. Also, MK has great potentialities in predict histological grades, lymph node status and Ki-67 expression of BCs. Finally, a XGboost model was constructed by combining MD, MK, age, shape and menstrual status, which exhibited superior diagnostic performance for BC characterization and an improved assessment of BLs. The findings of current study will aid the development of a novel noninvasive approach for BC screening and clinical diagnosis, therefore reducing unnecessary biopsies and patient`s anxiety.