Gelatin has a large application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Gelatin is mostly derived from the skin or bone of porcine and bovine. Porcine gelatin is forbidden for Muslim and Jews. For this reason, analytical methods to detect gelatin are needed to make sure the source of gelatin. One of the analytical techniques that can differentiate bovine and porcine gelatin is Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). There are two popular methods of fluorescence dye, namely SYBR green and hydrolysis probe. This study was conducted to compare SYBR green and hydrolysis probe method in analyzing porcine and bovine gelatin DNA using Real Time PCR. The DNA was isolated by commercial kit. The obtained porcine and bovine gelatin DNA were 19.38 ng/μl and 13.63 ng/μl with purity were 1,566 and 1,573, respectively. Then, isolated DNA was analyzed by SYBR green and hydrolysis methods. SYBR green methods was done by annealing temperature of 65 o C for bovine primer and 60 o C for porcine primer. Therefore, hydrolysis probe methods were analyzed by annealing temperature of 60 o C for both porcine primer and bovine primer. The result showed that the hydrolysis probe was higher specificity to identify of porcine and bovine gelatin DNA than SYBR green method. ABSTRAK:Pemanfaatan gelatin secara luas menimbulkan kontroversi dan kekhawatiran bagi masyarakat muslim karena pada umumnya gelatin terbuat dari kulit babi dan sapi. Salah satu teknik analisis yang dapat membedakan gelatin sapi dan gelatin babi adalah Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Real Time PCR merupakan metode analisis berbasis DNA yang handal, efektif, dan terpecaya. Dalam analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif, Real Time PCR membutuhkan pewarna fluoresens. Pewarna fluoresens yang umum digunakan adalah SYBR green dan hydrolysis probe. Telah dilakukan perbandingan antara metode SYBR green dan hydrolysis probe dalam analisis DNA gelatin menggunakan Real Time PCR. DNA pada gelatin diisolasi menggunakan kit komersial. Isolat DNA gelatin sapi dan DNA gelatin babi didapatkan sebanyak 19,38 ng/μl dan 13,63 ng/μl dengan kemurnian 1,566 dan 1,573. Isolat DNA yang dianalisis dengan metode SYBR green menggunakan suhu annealing 65 o C untuk primer sapi dan suhu annealing 60 o C untuk primer babi. Isolat DNA yang dianalisis dengan metode hydrolysis probe menggunakan suhu annealing 60 o C untuk primer babi dan primer sapi. Hasil analisis dari kedua metode menunjukkan bahwa metode hydrolysis probe lebih spesifik dalam mengidentifikasi DNA pada gelatin dibandingkan menggunakan metode SYBR green. Keywords PENDAHULUANGelatin adalah polipeptida larut air hasil hidrolisis parsial kolagen dari kulit, tulang dan tulang rawan hewan [1]. Gelatin memiliki sifat yang unik dan berfungsi sebagai zat pembentuk gel, zat pengental, zat pembentuk film, zat pengemulsi, dan zat pensuspensi [2]. Oleh karena itu gelatin digunakan secara luas dalam berbagai sektor industri yaitu industri farmasi, makanan, kosmetik, produk kedokteran dan fotografi. Dalam industri makanan,...
Bakso sapi sebagai makanan yang disukai oleh masyarakat Indonesia rawan terhadap cemaran daging babi karena daging sapi harganya relatif mahal. Kasus pencampuran tersebut tentu menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan bagi masyarakat muslim di Indonesia karena daging babi tidak halal dikonsumsi. Karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis cemaran daging babi pada bakso sapi. Sampel diambil dari wilayah Tanjung Priuk karena jumlah penganut yang boleh mengkonsumsi daging babi di daerah tersebut signifikan banyaknya. Bakso kontrol (100% babi, 100% sapi, campuran 50% babi) dan 10 bakso sampel di analisis menggunakan metode real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Isolat DNA yang digunakan adalah DNA mitokondria dengan daerah target sitokrom B. Hasil amplifikasi RT-PCR pada 3 bakso kontrol menggunakan primer babi menunjukkan bakso kontrol 100% babi dan campuran 50% babi menghasilkan kenaikan kurva amplifikasi dengan CP 22,82 dan 20,03. Sedangkan hasil amplifikasi 10 sampel bakso sapi menggunakan primer babi tidak menghasilkan kenaikan kurva amplifikasi yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya DNA babi yang teramplifikasi pada produk bakso sapi tersebut.
Gelatin sapi dan babi merupakan bahan utama pembuatan cangkang kapsul keras. Gelatin babi tidak boleh dikonsumsi oleh Muslim sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis pembeda gelatin sapi dan babi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiferensiasi gelatin sapi dan babi pada cangkang kapsul keras menggunakan metode kombinasi Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) dan Kemometrik menu Principal Komponen Analisis(PCA). Gelatin di ekstraksi dari cangkang kapsul keras dan langsung dihidrolisis menggunakan teknik hidrolisis asam, diinjeksikan ke dalam alat KCKT dan tinggi puncak kromatogram setiap asam amino penyusun gelatin dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam amino penyusun gelatin dapat dipisahkan dengan baik oleh KCKT. Gelatin standar dan gelatin dari cangkang kapsul dengan sumber hewan yang sama memiliki komposisi asam amino yang sama. Dengan demikian, PCA dapat mengklasifikasikan sumber gelatin pada cangkang kapsul simulasi. Namun penelitian ini belum berhasil mengidentifikasi sumber gelatin cangkang kapsul komersial
Purpose This study aims to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake and the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Muslim high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted for high school students. The population in this study were Muslim students grade 11 and 12 at secondary high school living and studying in Jakarta Metropolitan area. A total of 440 samples have been selected using non-probability sampling. In this study, the independent variables were factors associated with vaccination behaviors that were derived from the HBM and TPB theories, while the dependent variables were vaccination uptake and vaccination intention. Factors associated with the dependent variables have been identified using chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. Results About 65% respondents had received COVID-19 vaccine and 72% of those who had not received COVID-19 vaccine had the intention to receive the vaccine. Some of the behavioral model variables such as the perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, and social norms score were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among high school students. Furthermore, all of the behavioral model variables, ie, perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, cues to action score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, social norms score, and perceived behavioral control score were significantly associated with an intention of being vaccinated. Conclusion The vaccination for students can be set in more affordable locationsfor example, in schools. In addition, efforts to increase student knowledge regarding the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and the dangers of COVID-19 should be sustained.
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