Background: Pancytopenia is an intermittent hematological finding in children presenting with erratic clinical features like fever, pallor, petechiae, bleeding, distended abdomen, failure to thrive. Aim: To evaluate the pattern of causes responsible for pancytopenia in children of southern Punjab. Study Design: Randomized control trail. Methodology: We enrolled 121 children, aged 1-15 years with pancytopenia after written informed consent for a period of one year in Pathology department of Children’s Hospital-Multan. Cell morphology was studied through microscopy on blood peripheral film and bone marrow aspiration film. The relevant investigations were performed to assess the pattern of causative agents in pediatric population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was presented as percentage through SPSS v20.0. Results: Fever, pallor and body-aches were the common (80%) clinical presentations in our patients. Mean ± SD age of patients was 7.1± 3.98 years. 56.50% of patients with pancytopenia had hyper-cellular marrow while 43.50% had hypo- cellular marrow. Aplastic anemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia were the common causes for pancytopenia. Conclusion: We concluded that aplastic anemia and ALL were the most common causes of pancytopenia in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Infections and other treatable causes were also important causes of thrombocytopenia present in significant number (21.7%) of patients which we can address timely and reverse the serious outcomes. Keywords: Anemia, Bone Marrow, Megaloblastic and Pancytopenia.

Background: Nowadays there is a global crises due to the emergence and spread of corona virus (CoV-19). This is a life threatening problem at present as it causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV). Aim: To explore the value of changes in routine hematological parameters for prediction of COVID-19 disease severity among admitted patients. Study design: Experimental study. Methodology: Patients (n=222) having COVID-19 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups depending on the severity of disease. They were admitted into ITC and non-ITC. All patients underwent CBC and inflammatory markers. Various hematological markers were used as prognostic markers. Independent t-test and Chi square were applied and p value of <0.05 was taken significant. Results: Mean age for ITC patients was 49.40±16.26 while the mean age for patients with mild disease was 40.88±15.48. NLR was significantly increased in ITC patients (p value<0.0001). Among biochemical parameters, serum ferritin, CRP and LDH were significantly increased in patients with severe disease (p value<0.001). D-Dimers were elevated in 68.75% patients of group-A and 17% patients in group-B with p-value<0.0001. Conclusion: We concluded that NLR and d-Dimers are the best hematology parameters in order to predict severity of disease. Keywords: Covid-19, d-Dimers, NLR,NLM and Hematological Parameters.

Background: Covid-19 was fulminant and had a rapid spread in China and many other areas around the globe. This is a life threatening problem at present as it causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV). Aim: To explore the diagnostic value of hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Methodology: Patients (n=200) having COVID-19 were enrolled. All patients had CBC and inflammatory markers. Various hematological markers were used as prognostic markers. SPSS software, v 23 analyzed data. Independent t-test and Chi square were applied and p value of <0.05 was taken significant. Results: Mean age for patients having COVID was 47± 15.48 years. Mean values of hematological parameters and platelet count were significantly low among COVID patients when compared with non-COVID patients thus having significant difference. Practical Implication: This study highlighted simple, cost-effective hematological parameters that can be useful diagnostic tools for COVI-19. This study indicated that routine tests can guide towards disease like COVID-19. Conclusion: We concluded that hematological parameters (TLC, ANC, AMC, NLR and platelet count) play a vital role as diagnostic tool for COVID-19 patients. Keywords: Covid-19, d-Dimers, NLR, NLM and Hematological Parameters.