Present technologies for wastewater treatment do not sufficiently address the increasing pollution situation of receiving water bodies, especially with the growing use of personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCP) in the private household and health sector. The relevance of addressing this problem of organic pollutants was taken into account by the Directive 2013/39/EU that introduced (i) the quality evaluation of aquatic compartments, (ii) the polluter pays principle, (iii) the need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iv) the identification of pollution causes including a list of principal compounds to be monitored. In addition, a watch list of 10 other substances was recently defined by Decision 2015/495 on March 20, 2015. This list contains, among several recalcitrant chemicals, the painkiller diclofenac and the hormones 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol. Although some modern approaches for their removal exist, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), retrofitting most wastewater treatment plants with AOPs will not be acceptable as consistent investment at reasonable operational cost. Additionally, by-product and transformation product formation has to be considered. The same is true for membrane-based technologies (nanofiltration, reversed osmosis) despite of the incredible progress that has been made during recent years, because these systems lead to higher operation costs (mainly due to higher energy consumption) so that the majority of communities will not easily accept them. Advanced technologies in wastewater treatment like membrane bioreactors (MBR) that integrate biological degradation of organic matter with membrane filtration have proven a more complete elimination of emerging pollutants in a rather cost- and labor-intensive technology. Still, most of the presently applied methods are incapable of removing critical compounds completely. In this opinion paper, the state of the art of European WWTPs is reflected, and capacities of single methods are described. Furthermore, the need for analytical standards, risk assessment, and economic planning is stressed. The survey results in the conclusion that combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies including biological and plant-based strategies seem to be most promising to solve the burning problem of polluting our environment with hazardous emerging xenobiotics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Summary:For the detection of Coxiella burnetii, a total of 2472 ticks (1446 female, 1021 male and 5 nymphs) was collected from cattle and sheep of 38 provinces of Turkey. The ticks were pooled into groups of 1-7 ticks of the same province, species and gender for DNA extraction. Following DNA extraction, the groups were examined for the presence of C. burnetii DNA by using the primers CB1 and CB2. Six groups from the province of Denizli (13 groups of total 56 ticks), and one group from the province of Ankara (53 groups of total 160 ticks) were found to be positive for C. burnetii. The species of Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus bursa and Hyalomma excavatum were found to be infected with C. burnetii. The gender was not seem to have a role in transmission of the agent. The specificities of the PCR products were evaluated by the restriction fragment length polimorphism (RFLP) analysis. The positive PCR products were digested with the enzyme TaqІ and four bands in order of 118, 57, 43 and 39 bp's were appeared such as seen in the positive control DNA (C. burnetii Nine Mile RSA493).

Makale Kodu (Article Code): KVFD-2009-1215 ÖzetDaha önce yapmış olduğumuz bir çalışmada, irradie Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum erkeklerinin, aynı sayıdaki irradie edilmemiş erkeklerle, dişi keneleri dölleme faaliyetinde rekabet edemedikleri görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ise, irradie H. marginatum erkeklerinin döllemede rekabet gücü sınırlarının sayısal üstünlüklerine göre saptanması ve sahada yararlanılabilecek olası uygulama oranlarının ve esaslarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, erkek keneler caesium 137 kaynaklı Gamma radyasyon ile 10 Gy'lik dozda ışınlanmıştır. İstatistiksel farklılıkları ortaya koyabilecek sayısal oranlarda ışınlanmış ve ışınlanmamış erkekler ile aynı tavşan kulağına konan 34 dişinin ağırlıkları, dişilerin doyma süreleri, yumurta sayısı ve yumurtadan çıkan larva sayısı gibi biyolojik parametreler kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, gerçekleştirilen istatistiksel analizler, irradie H. marginatum erkeklerinin de sayısal eşitlik söz konusu olduğu taktir de ışınlanmamış erkeklerle belli bir rekabet gücüne sahip olmadıklarını göstermiştir. Ancak, eşitliğin erkekler lehine bozulduğu gruplarda yumurtasından larva çıkan dişi sayısı ile yumurta ve larva sayılarının azaldığı görülmüş, bu durumun istatistiksel olarak da önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu verilerin de olası saha denemelerinde göz önünde bulundurulması gereken parametrelerden biri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: Hyalomma marginatum, Gamma radyasyon, Rekabet Examination of Competitiveness of Irradiated (Caesium-137) Hyalomma marginatum Males in Copulation ÖzetWe had previously reported in one of our studies that the irradiated males of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were not able to compete with the normal males while mating with the females. In this study, it is aimed to determine the limitations of the competitiveness of irradiated males of H. marginatum in copulation in accordance with their numerical superiority over the nonirradiated males. We also intend to assign the applicable propotions and furthermore we would like to identify the main principles and conditions of possible field examinations. In this study, the male ticks were subjected to gamma radiation with a dose of 10 Gy emitted by a gamma-ray source of Caesium 137. Biological parameters such as feeding periods, weight, number of eggs and larvae hatching from the eggs of female 34 ticks that were placed in rabbit ears together with different numbers of irradiated, nonirradiated or a combination of both irradiated and nonirradiated male ticks were recorded. Reasonable numbers of ticks were employed in order to reach statistically reliable results. In conclusion, statistical analyses showed that the irradiated males of H. marginatum could not compete with the nonirradiated males in the case where these two groups had equal numbers of males. However, data analyzed from the study also deduced that the average number of eggs and larvae of females showed a reduction in trials for cases in which there were more irradiated males and this incident wa...

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK TOVAG 105 O 451 No'lu proje kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, aynı başlıklı bir yüksek lisans tezi esas alınarak metinleştirilmiştir.

The relationship hetween serum thyroxine le\'els and the physical quality characteristics of the angora goat mohair in Turkey