The continuous, real-time monitoring of specific analytes in situ in biological fluids would provide personalized, high-precision pharmacokinetic information for the goal of precision medicine. Due to their conformationally linked signaling mechanism, electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors are promising candidates for accurate measurements in such complex media. They suffer, however, from severe baseline drift when interrogated continuously and in real-time manner. In response, here, we investigate a couple of self-assembled monolayers in the application of E-AB sensors, achieving the improvement of their baseline stability and simultaneous modulation of sensor performance, e.g., target affinity and specificity.

Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.

The pioneering nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of C–O electrophiles was unlocked by Wenkert in the 1970s; however, the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric activation of aromatic C–O bonds has never been reported. Herein the first enantioselective activation of an aromatic C–O bond is demonstrated via the catalytic arylative ring-opening cross-coupling of diarylfurans. This transformation is facilitated via nickel catalysis in the presence of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, and chiral 2-aryl-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (ArOBIN) skeletons are delivered axially in high yields with high ee. Moreover, this versatile skeleton can be transformed into various synthetic useful intermediates, chiral catalysts, and ligands by using the CH- and OH-based modifiable sites. This chemistry features mild conditions and good atom economy.

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