Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under the evaluation for inclusion into the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. However, information on their bioconcentration and biomagnification in marine ecosystems is unavailable, limiting the evaluation of their ecological risks. In this study, seawater, sediment, zooplankton, invertebrates, and fishes collected from Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, North China were analyzed to investigate the residual level, congener group profile, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of SCCPs in a marine food web. The total concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 4.1 to 13.1 ng L(-1) in seawater, 65 to 541 ng g(-1) (dw) in sediment, and 86 to 4400 ng g(-1) (ww) in organisms. Correspondence analysis indicated the relative enrichment of C10Cl5 and C11Cl5 formula groups in most aquatic organisms. Both the logarithm bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs: 4.1-6.7) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs: 0.1-7.3) of individual congeners implied the bioaccumulation of SCCPs. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) of ∑SCCPs was determined to be 2.38 in the zooplankton-shrimp-fish food web, indicating biomagnification potential of SCCPs in the marine ecosystem. The TMF values of individual congener groups significantly correlated with their log KOW values.
Respective detection of microplastics
(MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs)
is of great importance for their different environmental behaviors
and toxicities. Using spherical polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate)
(PMMA) plastics as models, the efficiency for sequential isolation
of MPs and NPs by membrane filtration and cloud-point extraction was
evaluated. After filtering through a glass membrane (1 μm pore
size), over 90.7% of MPs were trapped on the membrane, whereas above
93.0% of NPs remained in the filtrate. The collected MPs together
with the glass membrane were frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground, and
suspended in water (1 mL) and subjected to pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) determination. The NPs in the filtrate were
concentrated by cloud-point extraction, heated at 190 °C to degrade
the extractant, and then determined by Py-GC/MS. For MPs and NPs spiked
in pure water, the method detection limits are in the range of 0.05–1.9
μg/L. The proposed method is applied to analyze four real water
samples, with the detection of 1.6–7.6 μg/L PS MPs and
0.6 μg/L PMMA MPs in three samples, and spiked recoveries of
75.0–102% for MPs and 67.8–87.2% for NPs. Our method
offers a novel sample pretreatment approach for the respective determination
of MPs and NPs.
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