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We have proposed and classified the HCC tumor of HCC tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice to four stages. Cyclodextrin-sorafenib-chaperoned inclusion complexes were prepared and applied to treat advanced HCC tumor-bearing mice.

Highly compact lasers with ultra-low threshold and single-mode continuous wave (CW) operation have been a long sought-after component for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs), due to their excellent ability of trapping light and enhancing light-matter interaction, have been investigated in lasing configurations combining various BIC cavities and optical gain materials. However, the realization of BIC laser with a highly compact size and an ultra-low CW threshold has remained elusive. We demonstrate room temperature CW BIC lasers in the 1310 nm O-band wavelength range, by fabricating a miniaturized BIC cavity in an InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot (QD) gain membrane. By enabling effective trapping of both light and carriers in all three dimensions, ultra-low threshold of 12 μW (0.052 kW cm−2) is achieved at room temperature. Single-mode lasing is also realized in cavities as small as only 5 × 5 unit cells (~2.5 × 2.5 μm2 cavity size) with a mode volume of 1.16(λ/n)3. The maximum operation temperature reaches 70 °C with a characteristic temperature of T0 ~93.9 K. With its advantages in terms of a small footprint, ultra-low power consumption, and adaptability for integration, the mini-BIC lasers offer a perspective light source for future PICs aimed at high-capacity optical communications, sensing and quantum information.

A novel beam steerable antenna employing tunable high impedance surface with liquid crystal is proposed. This antenna utilizes three microstrip patches as the radiators and a tunable high impedance surface based on liquid crystal as the ground plane. In this design, liquid crystal is deliberately disposed under the two parasitic microstrip patches to reduce the effect of relatively large dielectric loss and to improve the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. More importantly, this work explores a tunable high impedance surface based on liquid crystal, which has advantages of simple structure and biasing scheme as compared with other tunable high impedance surfaces based on solid-state devices. It is shown that by tuning the permittivity of liquid crystal, the high impedance surface becomes to support the propagation of TE surface waves to strengthen the mutual coupling between main and parasitic microstrip patches. Consequently, the main lobe can be steered to the desired direction and the scanning range of the antenna is enlarged. To prove this novel concept, a Ka-band prototype is fabricated and tested. Measured results show that the antenna not only has acceptable gain, but also keeps a satisfactory scanning range. In addition, this antenna consumes negligible DC power and thus is a strong antenna competitor for 5G access point applications.