Enhanced antitumour effect for hepatocellular carcinoma in the advanced stage using a cyclodextrin-sorafenib-chaperoned inclusion complex

Abstract

We have proposed and classified the HCC tumor of HCC tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice to four stages. Cyclodextrin-sorafenib-chaperoned inclusion complexes were prepared and applied to treat advanced HCC tumor-bearing mice.

Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging used to assess tumor microvascular changes after transarterial chemoembolization in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model

“…Tumor microvessel density (MVD) is a marker that can be used to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. For instance, cluster designation 34 (CD34) staining has been used to evaluate the growth of neovascularization in HepG2 xenograft tumor-bearing mice (10), and CD31 staining can be used to identify the stages of HCC (11). Other research has shown that CD105 staining is useful in quantifying the formation of new microvessels in HCC (12).…”

Structural Insights into the Host–Guest Complexation between β-Cyclodextrin and Bio-Conjugatable Adamantane Derivatives

“…Aside from the covalent functionalization, the capability of pristine CDs as hosts to encapsulate a large number of organic species forms the basis of many practical applications in the pharmaceutical formulation [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 ], cosmetics [ 25 ], environmental remediation [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], agriculture, and food industry [ 29 ]. This originates from the unique hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer space of CDs, with the latter also critical for imparting solubility to the otherwise less soluble organic species via inclusion [ 1 , 30 , 31 ]. These encapsulated species can be subsequently released on-demand with external stimuli, such as competitive solvent association, light-/heat-triggered conformation switch, and chemical stimuli (e.g., redox reactions) [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

“…Intrigued by these highly favorable traits of CDs, a huge body of work has been done toward the efficient hierarchical catch-release systems through facile host–guest hybridization to harness the beneficial properties of both CDs and the guests [ 23 , 31 , 32 , 36 , 37 ]. The most widely studied host and guest pair feature β-CD and adamantane derivatives mainly due to their wide availability and good size match [ 23 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…We have a keen interest in developing β-/γ-cyclodextrin encapsulated antiangiogenic drugs (sorafenib and regorafenib) to boost their bioavailability [ 31 , 40 ], as well as sophisticated systems based on polyethylenimine (PEI)-tethered CDs and adamantane-appended guests toward efficient drug delivery systems [ 34 , 41 , 42 ]. For example, we have recently reported that, by associating cleavable cationic PEI-tethered β-CD and an array of adamantane-appended polyethylene glycols (PEGs) carrying folate for active tumor targeting, nanosized supramolecular vehicles can be formed for in vitro and in vivo siRNA-Bcl2 delivery toward efficient gene therapy [ 43 ].…”

A polymeric nanoformulation improves the bioavailability and efficacy of sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

“…20,21 However, many previous sfb nanoformulations were studied in immunedeficient mice, and few studies have been performed on immune-competent mice, especially on the HCC tumor model. 16,22,23 Thus, little is known about the relationship between its immunostimulatory effect on immune cells and its therapeutic efficacy.…”