BisphenolA (BPA) or 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanepresent in polycarbonate baby bottles may have harmful effects for formula-fed infants. This study evaluated the risks associated with exposure to BPA among Iranian formula-fed infants in an urban society in Isfahan. New and used baby bottles (n = 7 and 8, respectively) as well as BPA-free marked bottles (n = 2) were collected from a retail outlet, and leaching of BPA was examined by conducting a migration test. Concentrations of BPA released from the new and used baby bottles were in the range of 0.49⿿8.58 and 0.63⿿2.47 μg/l, respectively. Next, probabilistic exposure estimation was performed. In all, 200 mothers registered with 11 health centres in Isfahan were interviewed. Data on feeding pattern, washing and sterilization practices, bottles types and manufacturers as well as the sex and weight of the infants were collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that majority of the surveyed infants were exposed to 0.1⿿0.3 μg/kg body weight (bw)/d of BPA, which corresponded to approximately 2⿿7.5% of the defined t-TDI (4 μg/kgbw/d). These results suggested that the risk of the adverse effects caused by exposure to BPA was very low in formula-fed Iranian infants even in the worst-case scenario.

Introduction: Mycotoxin producing fungi are major contributors to food contamination and many epidemics in humans and animals. The adverse effects of the use of chemical preservatives have led to a special focus on the use of natural compounds, especially plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of herbal essential oils of Cinnamon, Clove, Thymes, and Zataria multiflora, Cumin, and Caraway on the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus. Materials and Methods: Briefly, the presence of mycotoxin producing gene was investigated using PCR. Furthermore, production of mycotoxin in a medium with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (FLD) was evaluated. Ingredients of essential oils were determined using GC/MS. The amount of antifungal activity of essential oils was assessed by disc diffusion and well diffusion method. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by macrodilution method. Results: Gene presence and mycotoxin production were confirmed by PCR and HPLC-FL. Among all studied essential oils, Cinnamon with MIC and MFC of 0.078 μl / ml exhibited the greatest effect on A. ochraceus growth as compared to other essential oils. Conclusion: This study indicated that essential oils have an effective role on controlling A. ochraceus growth and have shown promising to be a good bioactive natural preservative in food industry.

Polyethylene terephtalate (PET) is commonly used for bottling drinking water. PET must be harmless in the sense of the migration potentially unsafe materials into its content. The quality determination of migrated organic chemicals in 15 bottled water stored in PET was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Most of the organic chemical compounds including phthalate, alkyl phenol, higher alkene and organic acid were detected in the samples. However, no carcinogens and hormones were recognized in the analyzed waters. The most migrated compounds identified between 13 to 100% of bottled water. The findings of present study could be alarming for the food safety legislative establishments in Iran due to the existence of some organic compounds with adverse influence on human wellbeing. Further investigation is recommended to evaluate the risk assessment of the public health arising from the presence of these toxic contaminants in the bottled water consumed by the people. Keywords: Polyethylene terephtalate; Migration; Bottled water; Iran ResumoTereftalato de Polietileno (PET) é comumente usado para engarrafamento de água potável. PET deve ser inofensivo no sentido da migração materiais potencialmente inseguros em seu conteúdo. A determinação da qualidade de produtos químicos orgânicos que migraram em 15 garrafas de água armazenada em PET foi realizada pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa. A maior parte dos compostos químicos orgânicos, incluindo ftalato, alquil fenol, alceno de maior peso molecular e ácido orgânico foram detectados nas amostras. No entanto, não há agentes cancerígenos e hormônios foram detectados nas águas analisadas. Os compostos migraram identificados entre 13 a 100% de água engarrafada. As conclusões do presente estudo poderia ser alarmante para os estabelecimentos legislativos de segurança alimentar no Irã devido à existência de alguns compostos orgânicos com influência negativa no bem-estar humano. Outras investigações é recomendado para avaliar a avaliação de risco da saúde pública decorrente da presença desses contaminantes tóxicos na água engarrafada consumida pelas pessoas.

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