In this study, the one-pot four-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, 2-thiobarbituric acid, ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of [H-NMP][HSO] under ultrasonic irradiation in water is reported. In the present procedure, the pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine derivatives were purely produced as valuable products. The process proved to be simple, environmentally friendly, efficient and high to excellent yielding. Moreover, some of the synthetic compounds were investigated and revealed important antimicrobial activity of prepared products.

An efficient and pseudo‐three‐component approach to obtain star‐shape phenolic compounds using 2,4‐dialkylphenol and aromatic, aliphatic, bis‐aldehyde and heteroaldehyde was reported using GO‐SiPr‐SO3H in water under ultrasound irradiation. The ultrasound irradiation had positive effect on catalytic activity of the GO‐SiPr‐SO3H catalyst. The desired products were achieved in good to excellent yields at short reaction times. Also, the structure of star‐shape phenolic compounds was approved using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthetic compounds was evaluated.

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