Abstract:The effect of cross-regional or cross-cultural differences on color appearance ratings and memory colors of familiar objects was investigated in seven different countries/regions -Belgium, Hungary, Brazil, Colombia, Taiwan, China and Iran. In each region the familiar objects were presented on a calibrated monitor in over 100 different colors to a test panel of observers that were asked to rate the similarity of the presented object color with respect to what they thought the object looks like in reality (memory color). For each object and region the mean observer ratings were modeled by a bivariate Gaussian function. A statistical analysis showed significant (p < 0.001) differences between the region average observers and the global average observer obtained by pooling the data from all regions. However, the effect size of geographical region or culture was found to be small. In fact, the differences between the region average observers and the global average observer were found to of the same magnitude or smaller than the typical within region inter-observer variability. Thus, although statistical differences in color appearance ratings and memory between regions were found, regional impact is not likely to be of practical importance.

The congenital color vision deficient (CVD) generally demonstrates difficulties in color naming tasks. In our study we investigated color naming properties and uncertainties of a relatively large group of red–green CVDs using quasi monochromatic stimuli and seven basic color terms. The results show a large variability in color naming for the CVD when contrasted to normal color vision and similar alterations when comparing protans to deutans. Statistically significant differences were found in specific wavelength ranges between the tested groups. In general, protans and deutans have shown better color naming ability than expected, which suggests the use of non-chromatic visual cues.

No abstract

WiMAX is a wireless MAN technology designed to diminish the broadband gap in rural areas and to provide the last mile solution. Besides, the WiMAX also ensures efficient access method in urban environment due to the good NLOS behavior of the OFDM transmission technology. On the other hand, network design with WiMAX in urban environment is a rather challenging task. Our work is focused on the examination of WiMAX transmissions in urban area. We performed preliminary laboratory tests and extensive field measurements; some of the results are presented in this paper. The measurements were influenced by several factors including the radio environment, device arrangement and configuration and also transmission protocols, among others. Our conclusion is that careful design is required and several parameters should be considered to ensure optimal solution in a given environment.

AJAY K. RATHI is a senior systems analyst for KLD Associates, Inc., in Huntington Station, New York, specializing in development and applications of computer simulation models of traffic flow. He received his B. Eng. (civil) in 1978 from Ravishankar University, India, and his MS and PhD in transportation engineering from The Ohio State University in 1980 and 1983, respectively. He is an associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Institute of Transportation Engineers, and Transportation Research Board. ZOLTAN A. NEMETH joined the faculty of the Department of Civil Engineering at The Ohio State University in 1968 when he receivedhis PhD in civil engineering from that university. He is engaged in both teaching and research in transportation engineering. Dr. Nemeth has an extensive record of publications in the area of traffic engineering, and he is the author or co-author of numerous articles on the application of computer simulation in traffic control related studies both on freeways and at signalized intersections. Dr. Nemeth has been active with the Institute of Transportation Engineers and Transportation Research Board and chaired several committees, subcommittees and task forces.ABSTRACT A model to simulate traffic operations at freeway lane closures is described. The model logic is based on a rational description of the behavior of the drivers in a freeway lane closure situation, and the program is written in SIMSCRIPT 11.5. An application of the model is illustrated with evaluation of potential safety impacts of reduced speed zones in freeway lane closures at different levels of assumed driver compliance.