Numerical linear algebra algorithms use the inherent elegance of matrix formulations and are usually implemented using C/C++ floating point representation. The system implementation is faced with practical constraints because these algorithms usually need to run in real time on fixed point digital signal processors (DSPs) to reduce total hardware costs. Converting the simulation model to fixed point arithmetic and then porting it to a target DSP device is a difficult and time-consuming process. In this paper, we analyze the conversion process. We transformed selected linear algebra algorithms from floating point to fixed point arithmetic, and compared real-time requirements and performance between the fixed point DSP and floating point DSP algorithm implementations. We also introduce an advanced code optimization and an implementation by DSP-specific, fixed point C code generation. By using the techniques described in the paper, speed can be increased by a factor of up to 10 compared to floating point emulation on fixed point hardware.Gene Frantz is responsible for finding new opportunities and creating new businesses utilizing TI's digital signal processing technology. Frantz has been with Texas Instruments for over thirty years, most of it in digital signal processing. He is a recognized leader in DSP technology both within TI and throughout the industry. Frantz is a Fellow of the Institution of Electric and Electronics Engineers. He holds 40 patents in the area of memories, speech, consumer products and DSP. He has written more than 50 papers and articles and continually presents at universities and conferences worldwide. Frantz is also among industry experts widely quoted in the media due to his tremendous knowledge and visionary view of DSP solutions.

A mathematical model has been set up for current efficiency in a chlorate cell acting as an ideal electrochemical tubular reactor with a linear increase in hypochlorite concentration from the entrance to the exit. Good agreement was found between the results on current efficiency experimentally obtained under simulated industrial chlorate production conditions and the theoretical values provided by the mathematical model.

The properties of activated titanium anodes, RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti and RuO 2 --TiO 2 -IrO 2 /Ti, prepared from oxide sols by the sol-gel procedure, are reviewed. RuO 2 and TiO 2 sols were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of the corresponding chlorides in acid medium. The morphology of the prepared sols was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the RuO 2 sol was determined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The loss of electrocatalytic activity of a RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti anode during an accelerated stability test was investigated by examination of the changes in the electrochemical characteristics in the potential region of the chlorine and oxygen evolution reaction, as well as on the open circuit potential. These electrochemical characteristics were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements. The changes in electrochemical characteristics of the anode prepared by the sol-gel procedure were compared to the changes registered for an anode prepared by the traditional thermal decomposition of metal chlorides. The comparison indicated that the main cause for the activity loss of the sol-gel prepared anode was the electrochemical dissolution of RuO 2 , while in the case of thermally prepared anode the loss was mainly caused by the formation of an insulating TiO 2 layer in the coating/Ti substrate interphase. The results of an accelerated stability test on RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti and RuO 2 --TiO 2 -IrO 2 /Ti anodes showed that the ternary coating is considerably more stable than the binary one, which is the consequence of the greater stability of IrO 2 in comparison to RuO 2 .

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